鳳頭蒼鷹與台灣松雀鷹之分辨

Discrimination between the Crested Goshawk (Accipiter trivirgatus) and Besra (A virgatus)

姚正得(Cheng-Te YAO)

《台灣猛禽研究》 1期 (2003/09) Pp. 36-45

https://doi.org/10.30121/RRT.200309.0005

摘要

台灣地區共有6種鷹屬猛禽的記錄，野外辨識困難而複雜，本文討論如何在野外分辨鳳頭蒼鷹（Accipiter trivirgatus）和台灣松雀鷹（Accipiter virgatus），同時也探討如何以翼長及尾長的測量值來判別鳳頭蒼鷹、台灣松雀鷹及日本松雀鷹（Accipiter gularis）。辨識鳳頭蒼鷹和台灣松雀鷹的關鍵之處是台灣松雀鷹的翅膀和尾羽都較短，初級飛羽突出之處指叉部分則較長。鳳頭蒼鷹初級飛羽的指叉友6枚，台灣松雀鷹則是5枚；停棲姿態時，可察見鳳頭蒼鷹具有羽冠，台灣松雀鷹則無：腳的結構也是辦別這2種鷹屬留鳥的重要特徵之一。翅膀及尾羽的測量值，可供初步辨認這2種鷹的種類和性別。針對現有參考書籍、圖鑑中普遍仍有誤用兩種鷹類照片的情形，文中也加以討論。對於台灣地區鷹屬猛禽的調查記錄，應成立記錄委員會加以審核。未來宜針對易生混淆而辨識困難的猛禽，編寫適於野外辨識使用的圖鑑，並應鼓勵調查者使用一致的標準程序描述野外辨識的結果。

關鍵字

鳳頭蒼鷹 ； 台灣松雀鷹 ； 日本松雀鷹 ； 野外辨識

並列摘要

Six species of accipiters have been recorded from Taiwan, and separating. all 6 species is a challenge for field observers. This paper discusses the currently known criteria for separation of Crested Goshawk and Besra in the field. Separations in the hand of Japanese Sparrowhawk (Accipiter gularis) and these 2 species are also covered. When encountering an accippter,the most important features to focus on are the pattern of the underparts, the tail, and the primary projection. Wich Birds of the same sex, the average lengths of the wing and tail of Besra are shorter than those of the Crested Goshawk. When judged from the tips of the bunched seconderies, the longest primary of the Besra falls a fourth of the way down the tail. The Crested Goshawk is crested, while that of the Crested Goshawk falls a fourth of the way down the tail. The Crested Goshawk is crested, while the Besra has no crest. Wing / tail ratios support the criteria for separation in the hand, both for interspecific and by gender of the 3 species. After a review of published illustrations in field guides I concluded that only a few of the sketches and photos are correct, and most of the others are mislabeled. It is necessary to set up a nationwide records committee for the review of all field records of accipiters. it is also urgent to publish a field guide of the accipiters of Taiwan.

並列關鍵字

Accipiter trivigatus ； A. virgatus ； A. gularis ； field identification