台灣南部大型猛禽棲地適合度分布預測

Prediction of the Habitat Suitability Distribution for Large Raptors in Southern Taiwan

洪煜鈞(Yu-Chun Hung) ； 孫元勳(Yuan-Hsun Sun) ； 李培芬(Pei-Fen Lee)

《台灣猛禽研究》 9期 (2010/03) Pp. 1-23

https://doi.org/10.30121/RRT.201003.0001

摘要

台灣的猛禽均為保育類，而保育工作的執行需要物種棲地的分布資訊作為基礎。本研究以台灣南部5種留棲性大型日行性猛禽為研究對象：熊鷹（Spizaetus nipalensis）、林鵰（Ictinaetus malayensis）、東方蜂鷹（Pernis ptilorhynchus）、蛇鵰（Spilornis cheela）及黑鳶（Milvus migrans）。使用Maxent（maximum entropy）建立物種的棲地適合度分布預測圖，而其預測品質均達到可接受的水準以上。棲地適合度分布預測結果以低偽陰性分布圖呈現潛在分布狀況時，物種潛在分布範圍佔南部地區的比例較高的有蛇鵰（55.35％）及東方蜂鷹（54.22％），熊鷹居中（44.12％），較低的有黑鳶（34.60％）及林鵰（31.27％）。以低偽陽性分布圖呈現重要棲地分布狀況，則是熊鷹所佔比例最高（16.33％），而黑鳶（8.25％）及蛇鵰（8.10％）較低；將其與南部各類保護區重疊比較後，保護區內的猛禽重要棲地比例以熊鷹最高（36.29％），最低為黑鳶（3.09％）及蛇鵰（2.25％）；各物種的重要棲地受到保護區保護的比例仍以熊鷹最高（54.69％），黑鳶（9.22％）及蛇鵰（6.84％）最低。根據本研究結果，台灣南部黑鳶棲地的質與量所面臨的威脅最大，應該最優先規劃及投入適當的保育行動。

關鍵字

maximum entropy ； 棲地適合度分布預測 ； 大型猛禽 ； 偽陰性 ； 偽陽性

並列摘要

All raptor species are protected by law in Taiwan. In order to propose proper conservation strategies, information on suitable habitat distributions is needed. In this study, habitat-suitability maps were created using Maxent (maximum entropy) of 5 species of large resident diurnal raptors: Mountain Hawk Eagle (Spizaetus nipalensis), Indian Black Eagle (Ictinaetus malayensis), Oriental Honey Buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus), Crested Serpent Eagle (Spilornis cheela), and Black Kite (Milvus migrans) in southern Taiwan. We present potential habitats with lower false negative rates and found that the proportions of potential habitats in southern Taiwan of the Crested Serpent Eagle (55.35%) and Oriental Honey Buzzard (54.22%) were highest, followed by those of the Mountain Hawk Eagle (44.12%), Black Kite (34.60%), and Indian Black Eagle (31.27%). We identified potential important habitats with lower false positive rates and found that the proportion of potential important habitats of Mountain Hawk Eagle was highest (16.33%), and those of Black Kite (8.25%) and Crested Serpent Eagle (8.10%) were lowest. We compared the potential important habitats and current protected areas to determine the capability of protected areas and the potential effects of protecting important habitats. The capability of protected area for Mountain Hawk Eagle was highest (36.29%), while those for Black Kite (3.09%) and Crested Serpent Eagle (2.25%) were lowest. The potential effect of protecting important habitat of Mountain Hawk Eagle was highest (54.69%), while those of Black Kite (9.22%) and Crested Serpent Eagle (6.84%) were lowest. According to this study, the Black Kite in southern Taiwan has the most limited habitat distribution and should be a priority of conservation action.

並列關鍵字

maximum entropy ； prediction of the habitat-suitability distribution ； large raptors ； false negative rate ； false positive rate