幼兒欺騙行為形成機制之分析研究

本研究以屏東地區的托兒所幼兒為對象，探究幼兒欺騙行為之形成機制。採準實驗設計並以積差相關、點二系列相關、t考驗、變異數分析等進行統計分析。結果顯示，欺騙動機與欺騙回饋呈現高相關，結果支持回饋具動機功能的論點。其次，欺騙動機實驗情境僅在社會學習與避免尷尬等欺騙回饋，具有增強的實驗效果。第三、欺騙動機實驗情境亦僅在幼兒的獲取利益欺騙動機具略實驗效果。另外，欺騙動機、欺騙回饋與欺騙行為等，僅獲取利益具顯著的弱相關。大致上，獲取利益是幼兒的主要欺騙動機，相對容易受影響。整體而言，本研究結果並不能有效的釐清欺騙動機、欺騙回饋在「幼兒欺騙行為形成機制」的因果關係。因此「幼兒欺騙行為形成機制」，仍有待更多研究去論證。就推動人格教育而言，可提供適當的訊息回饋或學習楷模，協助幼兒養成良好的說話行為。未來亦可統整不同的理論與設計，繼續探究幼兒欺騙行為之相關議題。

關鍵字

欺騙動機；欺騙回饋；欺騙行為

並列摘要

This article discussed the formation mechanism of children's deception behavior. The subjects were selected from Pingtung areas by cluster sampling. We adopted a quasi-experimental designed, and the treatment group received five deception experimental situations while the control group didn't. The statistical methods used to analyze the data were Pearson correlation, point-biserial correlation, t-test, and two-way mixed design ANOVA. The implementation results indicated, the five deception experiments just had promoted effects toward deception feedback at ”social learning” and ”escape embarrassed” situations. It was high positive correlation between deception motivation and feedback, so children's deception motivation might be promoted by feedback. There also had weak correlation among the ”reap benefits” pair situations of deception behavior, motivation and feedback, and the deception experiments also released little effect toward ”reap benefits” situation, while the other situations didn't. Meanwhile, ”reap benefits” was the significant deception motivation, and could be more easily operated than the others. In general, there was no significant evidence to support the causal relationship among the ”formation mechanism of children's deception behavior”. The results also provided some valuable references for character education, and for parents who can thus help children to establish good manners. Finally, further research is required to clarify the deception issues of children.