試論阮籍著作中理想人格的塑造與衝突

Molding and Conflicts of Ideal Personalities in Ruan Ji's Works

馬行誼(Hsing-Yi Ma)

《臺中教育大學學報：人文藝術類》 20卷1期 (2006/06) Pp. 31-52

https://doi.org/10.7037/JNTUHA.200606.0031

摘要

本文探討阮籍在理想人格的塑造歷程中，發現他對此十分熱衷，他在著作中多樣化的呈現不同的理想人格，也藉著層級性和對比性的策略，將一個個形象鮮明、寓意深遠的人格，做一具體的的描述。此外，從縱向地觀察阮籍思想的發展軌跡，以及橫向地探討他應對時局、懷抱理想的心態下，可見他在著作中所塑造的理想人格，在現實性和排他性的操作中，呈現了多樣化的不同人格間的衝突性，這是他有意識的創作動機。
此外，本文也將這種論述現象，放在「自然」與「名教」的範疇之下，他在塑造理想人格時所展現的衝突性，或許就不僅止於情緒的抒發和對時局的抨擊而已，他所示範和引導的，正是這種擺盪於「自然」與「名教」之間的無奈與痛苦。而這種擺盪，可以明確看出他傳承自儒道兩家的軌跡，但他並不以繼承為滿足，其論述理想人格的衝突性，和徘徊於「自然」與「名教」之間的思維，正是他期望揉合改造已有的學術遺產，創造出因應時局、建立理想社會的努力。

關鍵字

阮籍 ； 理想人格 ； 自然與名教

並列摘要

Ruan Ji seemed to be fond of molding ideal personalities. His works not only present various ideal personalities but also concretely describe vivid and meaningful ideal personalities through strategies of gradation and contrast. Furthermore, from the observation of Ruan Ji's development tracking of thoughts and how he faces his dream in the political situation, we can understand that the great diversity and conflicts between those ideal personalities are manipulated based on realism and exclusiveness on purpose.
In the field of Zi-ran and Ming-jiao, Ruan Ji's conflicts in molding ideal personalities are not only expressing his emotions and criticizing politics, he also shows the sufferance of vacillating between Zi-ran and Ming-jiao. This kind of vacillation presents that Ruan Ji is not satisfied to inherit both Confucianism and Taoism but expects to transform existing academic heritage and build up an ideal society

並列關鍵字

Ruan Ji ； Ideal personality ； Zi-ran and Ming-jiao