社區防災學習影響因素之研究

A Study on Factors Affecting Community Disaster Prevention Learning

郭俊欽(Chun-Chin Kuo) ； 莊翰華(Han-Hwa Juang) ； 康良宇(Liang-Yu Kang)

《臺中教育大學學報：人文藝術類》 25卷1期 (2011/06) Pp. 99-123

https://doi.org/10.7037/JNTUHA.201106.0099

摘要

藉由社區學習、防災教育等相關主題的文獻回顧，以及針對執行社區防災計畫的專業者與社區領袖，進行深度訪談，建構出社區防災學習的內涵。包括：一、形塑適當的防災價值觀，建構人與環境的良性互動關係；二、考量社區特性與民衆屬性，建構以社區爲核心的教材內容，由社區本身提出需求，落實民衆參與；三、訓練與他人溝通、解決問題的技巧，藉由社區營造方式，納入「終身學習」範疇，朝向社區培力的防災學習；四、形塑社區防災學習的多重誘因，主要使社區具有榮譽感及參與感。而國內社區防災學習的課題，包括：課程與教材的規劃多未因地制宜；師資的培訓未制度化，學習過程亦缺乏教學目標及學習方案；由上而下的遴選機制，缺乏自發性的學習動機。而影響社區防災學習的因素，包括：因生計問題而導致對災害的消極心態，防災學習的意願低落；民衆在歷經較長時間無災害侵擾之後，逐漸降低防災意識；民衆運用對環境的認知與過去的災害經驗，來作爲防災行動的依據，降低對災害的敏銳度；專家與民衆對於災害本質與防災方式認知不同，影響防災學習的進行；個人態度、社會價值觀、法律與政治的阻礙、財務狀況，以及「理性的侷限」等因素，造成動機與認知的侷限，影響防災學習的成效。

關鍵字

社區防災教育 ； 社區學習 ； 社區參與 ； 社區培力 ； 終身學習

並列摘要

Via reviewing literature on related topics about community learning as well as disaster prevention education, and through in-depth interviewing with community leaders and experts on implementing plans for community disaster prevention, this study will construct a content of community disaster prevention learning. The content includes: 1. to shape the proper values of disaster prevention in order to establish a positive interaction between people and the environment; 2. considering community features and citizens' characteristics to construct a content of teaching material which is centered on the community, and based on the demand made by the community itself to realize citizen participation; 3. to train the skills of problem-solving and communication with others, and via the ways of community development to subsume community disaster prevention learning within the scope of ”lifelong learning” and work toward community empowerment; 4. to shape multiple incentives to learn community disaster prevention, the main cause of which is to make the community possessed of a sense of honor and participation. Domestic issues on community disaster prevention learning include: most planning of curriculum and teaching material does not act on circumstances; teacher training is not yet institutionalized, and the learning process is also lacking in instructional objectives and learning proposals; the top-down selection mechanism is deficient in spontaneous learning motivation. In addition, factors affecting community disaster prevention learning include: passive attitudes toward disasters resulting from living problems lead to low willingness to learn disaster prevention; the relatively long period that the citizens have been through without any disaster gradually lower their awareness of disaster prevention; the citizens' employment of environmental awareness and past disaster experience as the basis of disaster prevention action lowers their sensitivity to disasters; the experts' and citizens' different cognition of disaster itself as well as ways of disaster prevention impedes disaster prevention learning; other factors such as personal attitudes, social values, legal and political barriers, financial condition and ”bounded rationality” restrain motivation and awareness, impacting the efficiency of disaster prevention learning.

並列關鍵字

Community Disaster Prevention Education ； Community Learning ； Community Participation ； Community Empowerment ； Lifelong Learning