「謀同」與「求異」－對比語言學在本國語文教學中的應用

Comparative Linguistics Used in Language Teaching in Taiwan: Discovering Similarities and Differences

程俊源(Chun-Yuan Cheng)

《臺中教育大學學報：人文藝術類》 27卷1期 (2013/06) Pp. 69-91

摘要

歷來關於語文教學之研究文獻甚夥，惟不變的是「整合」二字方是統整各語文學科間歧異之速捷法門。然則不無微憾的是，目前學界的研究成果卻未必能落實到具體的課室教學之間，造成進行臺、華兩語語言教學時，往往各行其是，互不關涉。是故本文擬介引現代語言學中「對比語言學」的相關理論，以臺灣的「臺語」及「華語」為例，解析此二語言在「音韻」、「詞彙」及「句法」等層面的「對應」與「不對應」關係。藉由「對比分析」的成果，揭示進行雙語教學時的整合策略與技巧，釐清一些語言教學上迷思概念，諸如語言學習時僅能依賴純淨的語言環境，或雙語學習時祇會相互干擾而不能相互提昇，等等。本文的成果能提供語文教師或語言學習者於多元文化與語言的社會背景下進行語言的「教」與「學」時一個新的思考取徑。

關鍵字

對比語言學 ； 對比分析 ； 雙語教學 ； 臺語 ； 華語 ； 對應關係

並列摘要

There are various literatures on language instruction. The use of integration is a stable and efficient way to reduce the variances among linguistic disciplines. However, there is a large gap between the academic research and practical application in classrooms. In other words, the study findings are not utilized and implemented in classrooms to improve teaching. Due to using their own approaches toward the two languages, it is difficult to discover the connection between teaching Mandarin and Taiwanese in Taiwan. Therefore, through providing a few illustrations of the two languages, this author uses several relative theories of contrastive linguistics in modern linguistics to explain and analyze the relationships of correspondences and non-correspondences between/among the dimensions of the phonology, lexicon, and syntax of both languages. Based on the results of contrastive analysis, the author presents several integrated strategies and techniques for carrying out bilingual instruction. Additionally, several linguistic teaching misconceptions are clarified. For instance, one of the misconceptions is linguistic learners need to have a pure environment for learning. Another is there are disturbances found in bilingual learning and [no mutual benefit is given to each learner. Moreover, this paper will provide language teachers or learners with a new way of thinking about the teaching and learning of languages, especially, in a societal background of multiple cultures and languages.

並列關鍵字

Contrastive Linguistics ； Contrastive Analysis ； Bilingual Instruction ； Taiwanese ； Mandarin ； Correspondence Relationships