曲調聽視測驗於臺北市國小六年級學童之研究

本研究旨在瞭解國小六年級學生在曲調聽視測驗的表現情形，進一步分析不同性別、音樂學習經驗等背景學生於測驗表現之差異情形。本研究以文獻探討與教科書分析為測驗編製基礎，自編曲調聽視測驗，透過臺北市分區取樣方式進行施測，共施測340位國小六年級學生。本研究之主要發現如下：一、學生於曲調聽視測驗之整體表現方面，其「輪廓辨識」答對率高於「音程辨譜」。二、學生於「輪廓辨識」的辨別圖形與圖譜差異不明顯，然在「音程辨譜」方面，學生對於辨別「音域位置」比辨別「音程距離」或「音高排列」較為容易。三、學生於「輪廓辨識」測驗的表現，因題項「輪廓辨圖」或「輪廓辨譜」的不同形式呈現而有所差異。四、學生於「輪廓辨識」測驗題項的「音型上行」答對率高於下行音型，此外，學生對於「先上再下音型」的答對率高於「先下再上音型」。五、學生對於「音程辨譜」測驗，以辨別音程距離相近之音譜較為容易。六、「音程辨譜」測驗方面，學生能夠根據譜例前後音域位置判斷選項。七、不同性別之學生其曲調聽視測驗結果無顯著差異。八、不同音樂學習經驗的學生其曲調聽視測驗結果有顯著差異。最後根據研究結果，研究者針對音樂教師、學校單位、以及未來研究等提出相關建議。

關鍵字

音樂測驗；曲調感知；聽視辨別

並列摘要

This study aims to measure the performance of sixth graders on an aural-visual tonal test. The content of the test was based on the textbooks and national music standards. The test was applied to 340 sixth graders in Taipei City. The differences of the music aural-visual discrimination abilities between the female and male students with different musical backgrounds were analyzed and discussed. The results are as follows: 1. Students could identify melodic contours better than tonal intervals. 2. There was not much difference in students identification of melodic contour thru figures or notations. It was easier for students to recognize the ranges of music than to identify the precise pitches of the music. 3. Students performed differently in music contour discrimination among different arrangements of music contour. 4. In the contour discrimination subtest, students answered more correctly for upward melodies than for downward melodies. Moreover, students performed better on the upward-to-downward melodic contours than on the downward-to-upward ones. 5. For the interval discrimination subtest, it was easier for students to identify the notations of the music with smaller intervals. 6. For the interval discrimination subtest, students tended to give the answers for melody ranges according to the proceeding music. 7. There was no significant difference in aural-visual tonal discrimination between genders. 8. Students performed aural-visual tonal discrimination significant differently according to their different music backgrounds. Many suggestions based on the results were given for educators, administrators, and further research in the future.