國內通過ISO 14001驗證企業持續推動OHSAS 18001之可行性研究

A Feasibility Study of Introduction on OHSAS 18001 by Domestic Companies Certified with ISO 14001

林明瑞(Min-Ray Lin) ； 謝瑞鴻(Ruei-Hong Sie) ； 李雅鳳(Ya-Feng Li)

《臺中教育大學學報：數理科技類》 22卷1期 (2008/06) Pp. 29-57

https://doi.org/10.7037/JNTUMST.200806.0029

摘要

產業的職業安全衛生績效將嚴重影響員工的身心健康，因此本研究以1999年由英國標準協會所公佈的「職業安全衛生管理驗證標準」(OHSAS 18001)爲基礎，編製成「專家德懷術問卷」，並邀請政府單位、學術暨研究單位、產業單位、驗證公司及民間組織等五大方面的專家共18位，進行德懷術研究，建置符合不同產業類別需求的職業安全衛生績效評估指標，共5大面向，70個分項指標；並依此編製成「企業問卷」，針對企業職安衛相關部門主管進行問卷調查，共發出800份問卷，回收有效問卷162份，有效問卷回收率爲20.3%。
研究結果顯示：63.8%已擁有ISO 14001驗證之企業主管表示願意推行OHSAS 18001，但實際僅38.3%通過驗證，表示仍有1/4的企業有通過驗證的需求；而其中未尋求驗證的主要原因，以「法令未強制企業建立」(40.8%)所佔比例最高，其次爲「市場需求度不高」(38.0%)。
綜合專家與企業主管的調查結果，各面向指標的重要性普遍在重要程度以上（政策可行），執行容易度則介於普通至容易之間（技術、經濟可行），顯示企業在通過ISO 14001驗證後，繼續推動OHSAS 18001是可行的；而其中，各指標面向的重要程度、執行容易度、應執行程度及執行現況皆以「職業安全衛生政策」面向指標爲最。另一方面，企業主管認爲在四大產業類別中以高科技產業應執行指標爲最多，佔85.7%，其次爲重工業，佔81.4%；其中以輕工業及服務業執行現況最佳。

關鍵字

OHSAS 18001 ； 德懷術研究法 ； 績效指標 ； 職業安全衛生

並列摘要

Occupational safety and health in industries significantly affects the health of employees. This research based on OHSAS 18001 of British Standards Institution, a Delphi panel of 18 members including government sector, academic and research units, companies, certification companies and private sector was invited to take on a questionnaire investigation. Finally ＜||＞an Occupational Safety and Health Assessment Indicators of Various Industries＜||＞ including five dimensions and 70 indicators were set-up. 800 questionnaire copies were issued to related division chiefs and copies were recovered at valid recovery rate of 20.3%.
From the results, 63.8% of chiefs of the enterprises having ISO 14001 were willing to introduce OHSAS 18001, although only. 38.3% of companies did have the certification; though one quarter of the enterprises still needed certification of OHSAS 18001. The main reason of failing to introduce OHSAS 18001 was ＜||＞not required by laws＜||＞ (40.8%), followed by ＜||＞lack of marketing demand＜||＞ (38.0%).
Based on the investigations of specialists and enterprises' heads, the importance of every indicator dimension was general evaluated above 'importance' degree (i.e. the policy was feasible); easiness of execution was evaluated between 'ordinary' and 'easy' (i.e. both technology and economy were feasible), all mentinoned above showed that OHSAS 18001 was further promoted on the companies already having ISO 14001 was feasible. And the indicator dimention of ＜||＞occupational safety and health policies＜||＞ was the most one among five ones for importance, easiness of execution, executability and current execution status. On the other hand, enterprise heads thought that among the four major industries, high tech industry had the most indicators should to be executed, which accounting for 85.7%; then followed by heavy industry, accounting for 81.4%. Both light industry and service industries had the best execution current status.

並列關鍵字

OHSAS 18001 ； Delphi Technique ； Performance Indicator ； Occupational Safety and Health