學前幼兒工作記憶與加法運算能力之相關

The Relations Between Working Memory and Addition Operation Abilities in Preschoolers

黃瀞瑶(Jing-Yao Huang) ； 張麗芬(Li-Fen Chang)

《兒童與教育研究》 11期 (2016/07) Pp. 137-175

摘要

本研究根據Baddeley與Hitch（1974）的工作記憶三成份模型，探討學前幼兒工作記憶的發展、工作記憶三種成份之間的關係、以及工作記憶各成份與不同類型加法運算能力的關係。本研究以52位4至6歲幼兒爲研究對象，以字詞配對、同中選異及計數廣度作業測量幼兒工作記憶的三個成份：語音工作記憶、視覺空間工作記憶、及中央執行，並以加法運算作業測量幼兒的加法運算能力。研究結果發現，大班幼兒的視覺空間工作記憶與中央執行皆優於中班幼兒。其次，幼兒的語音工作記憶與視覺空間工作記憶的相關並未達顯著水準；而中央執行與視覺空間工作記憶有顯著相關，但它與語音工作記憶無相關，大致支持Baddeley的三成份模型。最後，幼兒整體工作記憶表現與加法運算能力有正相關，幼兒的具體物加法運算表現與視覺空間工作記憶及中央執行有正相關，但是應用題加法運算表現只與中央執行有正相關。

關鍵字

工作記憶 ； 加法運算能力

並列摘要

Based on Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) three-component model of working memory, this study investigated the development of working memory in preschoolers, the relations among the three components of working memory (phonological loop [PL], visuospatial sketchpad[VSSP], and central executive [CE]), and relations between working memory and addition operation abilities in preschoolers. Fifty-two 4-and 6-years-olds were assessed working memory by three working memory tasks, Word List Matching, Counting Span, and Odd-One-Out. They were also asked to complete two types of addition problems. The results showed that older preschoolers outperformed young preschoolers in VSSP and CE. Secondly, there was no relations between PL and VSSP. There was a positive relation between VSSP and CE, however, the relation between PL and CE was not significant. The results supported Baddeley's three-component model. Lastly, the results indicated a moderate positive relation between the composite of working memory and addition operation abilities. CE and VSSP were positively related to preschoolers' performance on nonverbal addition problems, and CE was also positively related to preschoolers' performance on word problems.

並列關鍵字

working memory ； addition operation abilities