從民俗藝陣到台灣跳鼓陣之探究

From the Folk Art Activity to Taiwan's Drum-beating Dancing Activity

陳世霖(Chen-Shr Lin)

《身體文化學報》 3期 (2006/12) Pp. 17-33

https://doi.org/10.6782/BCJ.200612.0017

摘要

跳鼓陣原爲我國農業社會的產物，但在後繼乏人的情況下，此項技藝已逐漸沒落當中。舉凡一項技藝得以長存不墜，必有其相當的功能存在，跳鼓陣在民間亦扮演著幾項重要的社會功能，但由於社會演進，跳鼓陣在平日已難得一見。因此本研究採用歷史研究法，還原歷史真貌，建構跳鼓陣過去所被疏忽之處，讓我們的民俗藝陣能有更精緻的紀錄與專研的契機。
本研究的研究目的如下：
（一）探究民俗藝陣之源起。
（二）探究台灣藝陣的分類。
（三）探究台灣跳鼓陣之源起。
本研究發現，所謂的民俗藝陣實際就是中國雜技的遺緒，雜技在秦漢時稱爲「角抵」，後漢稱「百戲」、宋代稱「百戲」，元代稱「把戲」清代稱「雜耍」，現在稱爲「雜技」、「藝陣」，儘管名稱歷代不同，但「百戲」的稱呼在歷代中沿用最久。而台灣常見的藝陣，筆者按民間藝人一般傳統習慣，把台灣常見的藝陣分類爲（一）藝閣：屬於靜態的活動。（二）陣頭：屬於動態的活動。陣頭又可分爲宗教性陣頭、音樂性陣頭、慶祝性陣頭等三類。至於在台灣跳鼓陣的歷史淵源考證，儘管各種說法不一，但筆者認爲台灣的跳鼓陣與福建的大鼓涼傘可能有密切的關連。而台灣在清朝時期就有跳鼓陣的可能性，應該是無庸置疑的。

關鍵字

藝陣 ； 民俗體育 ； 跳鼓陣

並列摘要

The drum-beating dancing activity, viewed as the production of Taiwan's agricultural society, has gradually declined on account of inferior successors. A skill that can last long must have its functions. Namely, the drum-beating dancing activity has several significant social functions. However, due to the evolution of society, the drum-beating dancing activity is rarely seen nowadays. Therefore, this study is carried out with the method of historical research so as to return to the original history, to construct the neglected part of the past research on the drum-beating dancing activity, and to provide a more delicate record of our folk art activities and offer an opportunity for further research in this field.
The purposes of this study are to investigate the origin of the folk art troupes, the types of Taiwan's folk art troupes, and the origin of Taiwan's drum-beating dance.
The findings show that the so-called folk art activity is actually the historic remains of Chinese acrobatics. Acrobatics is called ”Jiaodi” in the Qin and Han dynasties, ”Baixi” in the post-Han and Sung dynasties, ”Ba-xi” in the Yuan dynasty, ”Zashua” in the Qing dynasty, and known as acrobatics folk art activity at the present. Although its name varied in each period, ”Baixi” remained the longest throughout several dynasties. According to the author, the most common folk art troupes in Taiwan can be divided into two main types: (1) ”Yiko (an art-theater with characters and scenery)”: a static type of activity. (2) ”Chentou (a folk art performance group)”: an active type of activity. ”Chentou further can be divided into religious troupes, musical troupes, and celebratory troupes. As for the origin of Taiwan’s drum-beating dancing activity, despite several different sayings, the author believes Taiwan's drum-beating dance and Fu-jian's drum-and-umbrella dance should be closely related. Besides, Taiwan's drum-beating dance very likely originated from the Qing dynasty and such a saying should be doubtless.

並列關鍵字

folk art troupes ； folk sports ； drum-beating dance

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