中醫醫事教育、證照、業務分析

Analyzing Education, License, and Practice in Chinese Medical Systems

陳孟勤(Meng-Chin Chen) ； 林宜信(I-Hsin Lin) ； 陳興夏(Hsing-Hsia Chen) ； 林惠如(Hung-Ru Lin) ； 葉美玲(Mei-Ling Yeh)

《台灣中醫臨床醫學雜誌》 15卷4期 (2009/12) Pp. 257-267

https://doi.org/10.6968/TJCCM.200912.0257

摘要

本研究旨分析中醫醫事教育、證照、業務等三大向度，以瞭解相關現況。以質性之內容分析法，自1998至2008年，搜集MEDLINE、CINAHL Plus with Full Text、Academic Search Premier、全國博碩士論文索引、中華民國期刊論文索引、中文電子期刊資料庫、政府研究資訊系統和網際網路共421篇，以自編「中醫醫事登錄表」爲研究工具並以頻數和百分比加以分析處理。本研究分析結果發現，中醫醫事教育制度在台灣包含中醫教育、中藥教育、中醫護理教育，在美國包含東方醫學教育、針灸教育、中藥教育、按摩教育，在加拿大包括中醫教育、針灸教育、中藥教育，在英國爲中醫教育。中醫醫事證照制度方面，台灣有中醫師證照，在美國包括東方醫學師、針灸師、中藥師、亞洲身體療法師、按摩師，加拿大包括高級中醫師、中醫師、針灸師、中藥師，英國尚無證照。中醫醫事業務制度方面，台灣中醫專業行爲規範分四項爲中醫的醫療行爲、開立醫囑、處置、診斷過程，針灸熱門治療項目爲神經內科系統、肌肉骨骼系統、心臟循環系統、腸胃系統、呼吸系統、肝膽系統、泌尿生殖系統和婦科疾病。在美國中醫專業行爲規範，訂定針灸師執行針灸可執行的業務，針灸熱門治療項目爲肌肉骨骼系統、心理精神健康、中樞神經系統。加拿大的中醫專業行爲規範爲專業倫理規範、業務範圍和保留行爲，針灸熱門治療項目爲肌肉骨骼系統、神經內科系統。英國的中醫專業行爲規範爲執業準則，針灸熱門治療項目爲肌肉骨骼系統、神經內科系統疾病。本研究提供台灣、美國、加拿大和英國之中醫醫事照護系統現況，期作爲相關醫事人員改革之參考。

關鍵字

中醫 ； 教育 ； 證照 ； 業務

並列摘要

This study aimed to analyze education, license, and practice in Chinese medical systems. Data were collected form 1998 to 2008 and 421 references were finally used. A coding sheet through a web base with database was developed. Moreover, the qualitative content analysis and quantitative descriptive analyses of frequency and percentage analysis were used. The results showed the education systems in Taiwan include Chinese medicine, Chinese herbology, and Chinese medicine nursing. In the US, there are oriental medicine, Chinese herbology, acupuncture, and massage. In Canada, the education systems include Chinese medicine, Chinese herbology, and acupuncture. In the UK, only Chinese medicine exists. Licensure in Taiwan is the doctor of Chinese medicine; whereas there are acupuncturist, herbalist, and massagist in the US. Canada offers the doctor of Chinese medicine, practitioner, acupuncturist, and herbalist. In the UK, none of them is existed. Regarding clinical practice, in Taiwan the conduct codes of Chinese medicine profession contain the attitude of doctors, the advice of doctors, dispose, and the process of diagnosis. The main treatments of acupuncture cover the neurology system, musculoskeletal system, heart and circulatory system, gastrointestinal system, respiratory system, liver and gallbladder system, genitourinary system, and gynecological system. In the US, acupuncturists are allowed to execute their jobs as personal business which covers main treatments in the musculoskeletal system, psychological mental health, and the central nervous system. In Canada the Chinese medicine sector codes of conduct cover professional ethics, scopes of practice and reserved acts. The main treatments cover the nervous system, internal medicine, and musculoskeletal systems. In the UK, the codes of practice guideline for Chinese medicine cover the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system diseases of internal medicine. This study provides information about Chinese medicine systems among Taiwan, the US, Canada, and the UK as a reference to reform if needed.

並列關鍵字

Chinese Medicine ； Education ； License ； Practice