WTO架構體制下我國能源產業政策發展方向之探討

A Study of Energy Industry Policy under the World Trade Organization Framework System

黃智輝(Chi-Huei Huang) ； 劉盛男(Sheng-Nan Liu)

《全球管理與經濟》 9卷2期 (2013/12) Pp. 62-78

https://doi.org/10.6565/JGME.2013.9(2).4

摘要

台灣經過兩次進口替代政策的經驗，都能成功地將經濟帶入另一階段出口擴張導向政策，透過進口替代政策來強化國內產業發展，為未來出口擴張產業建立基礎。目前主要國家經濟成長率並不樂觀，除了採行短期刺激出口的作法外，政府必須盡速擬定中長期處進出口因應策略。本文以能資源產業的進口替代及節能相關基礎工更建設為研究重點探討中國大陸風電補貼、中國大陸稀土出口限制、加拿大在生能源躉購制度案、中國大陸太陽能補貼、精練汽油與常規汽油汽油標準案、移轉基因農產品案等案例在世界貿易組織架構下之適法性，如何避免並善用爭端解決機制的實務案例分析經驗，來解決發展能源產業之貿易與環境爭端，若能將進口的因素轉變為積極主動的「進口替代政策導向」，且能結合當前正在推動「節能環保」產業，有效選擇未來我國可以發展的能源產業，藉以提升產業發展競爭力為目標，將可視為維持國家經濟持續成長之適當政策。

關鍵字

非歧視性原則 ； 國民待遇 ； 最惠國待遇 ； 躉購制度 ； 法庭之友 ； 進口替代政策

並列摘要

The two experiences of the import substitution policy show that Taiwan's ability to make the national economy reach the next stage of the export promotion-oriented policy. In order to strengthen the development of the domestic industries through the import substitution policies allowed Taiwan to establish the base for expanding exports in the future. The economic growth rate of the major countries has been not optimistic in recent years. In addition to the short-term tactics for promoting exports, it is crucial for the government to develop the long-term strategies for dealing with the issues of Taiwan's imports and exports.The key aim of the present research is to investigate the import substitution and energy-saving policies of the energy and resource industries. This study examines the legality of the following cases under the WTO framework: (1) the subsidy of wind power in China; (2) the restriction of exports of the rare earths; (3) Feed-In-Tariff of renewable energy in Canada; (4) the subsidy of solar energy in China; (5) the United States-Standards for Reformulated and Conventional Gasoline; and (6) the European Community-Measures Affecting the Approval and Marketing of Biotech Products. Moreover, this research discusses the way of using case studies concerning the issues of dispute settlement to solve power and energy trading and to avoid environmental disputes. It can be helpful to discuss the factors of imports, in terms of the import-substitution-oriented policies. The results of the present studies could be useful for developing energy industries in Taiwan in the near future. Enhancing industrial competitiveness could serve as the appropriate strategies for maintaining and sustaining the Taiwanese economic growth.

並列關鍵字

non-discrementionaryprinciple ； national treatment ； Most-favored treatment ； friends of court