Team work for basketball game is very importance and every position has different duty for the game. For this reason, every playing position's physical and physiological will be difference. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical and physiological characteristics of different playing position of college basketball players in Taiwan. Forty-five players from difference playing position were involved in this study, The explosive power of the lower limbs were measured by counter movement jump and squat jump. The speed was measured with 20 m sprint. The 505 test was used to measure agility. The anaerobic power of the lower limbs was measured with the 5×6-second repeat-effort test. The maximal oxygen consumption was estimated by a 20-meter multistage shuttle run test. Result: The explosive power of the lower limbs had significantly difference among playing position. The speed, agility, anaerobic power and maximal oxygen was not different among playing position.