運動目標取向與知覺運動動機氣候對優秀競技選手內在動機之預測－國內訓練與國外移地訓練之比較

The Predictive Utilities of Goal Orientation and Perceived Motivational Climate on Elite Athletes' Intrinsic Motivation-Comparison between Domestic and Oversea Training Environments

盧素娥(Su-Er Lu) ； 蔣明雄(Ming-Shiung Chiang)

《運動教練科學》 14期 (2009/06) Pp. 21-37

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.2009.14.03

摘要

本研究的目的一、比較國內訓練與國外移地訓練時，選手在知覺運動動機氣候及內在動機的差異情形。二、探討運動目標取向、知覺國內訓練運動動機氣候對國內訓練內在動機的預測情形。三、探討運動目標取向、知覺國外訓練運動動機氣候對國外移地訓練內在動機的預測情形。研究方法：為調查法，以國內體育專業院校運動技術系之「卓越計畫」精英選手的移地訓練者33位受試對象，其中男26位、女7位，其平均年齡20.30±1.78歲。統計方法：以相依樣本重複量數考驗進行目的一之分析；以多元逐步迴歸進行目的二、三之預測。結果顯示：一、在比較知覺國內訓練與國外訓練之運動動機氣候，不論『工作取向氣候』或『自我取向氣候』，均以國內訓練顯著高於國外移地訓練；在內在動機方面，國內訓練與國外移地訓練二者均未達顯著差異。二、在預測國內訓練的內在動機方面，運動目標取向中的『工作取向』及知覺國內訓練運動動機氣候之『工作取向氣候』為顯著的預測變項，共同解釋變異量為23.6%。其中『工作取向』佔12.8%，『工作取向氣候』佔10.8%。三、在預測國外移地訓練的內在動機方面，知覺國外移地訓練運動動機氣候中的『工作取向氣候』，與運動目標取向中的『自我取向』為顯著的預測變項，共同解釋變異量為44.7%，其中『工作取向氣候』佔34.5%、『自我取向』佔10.2%。最後，依據本研究之結果與討論，提出以供教練移地訓練參考的結論與建議。

關鍵字

工作取向 ； 自我取向 ； 工作取向氣候 ； 自我取向氣候

並列摘要

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was three-fold, first, to compare the differences of athletes' perceived motivational climates and intrinsic motivation between domestic training environment and oversea training environment; second, to examine the predictive utility of goal orientation and perceived motivational climate on athletes' intrinsic motivation in domestic training environment; third, to examine the predictive utility of goal orientation and perceived motivational climate on athletes' intrinsic motivation in oversea training environment. METHOD: Participants were 33 collegiate elite athletes (26 males and 7 females) recruited from a sport university. The average age of the participants was 20.3 + 1.78 years. STATISTICS: Repeat measured t tests and multiple regression analyses were used. RESULTS: (1) Athletes perceived higher task-involved and ego-involved climates when in domestic training environment than in oversea training environment. (2) In terms of the prediction of athletes' intrinsic motivation in domestic training environment, task orientation and perception of task-involved climate were significant predictors. The total explained variance was 23.6% and the explained variance for task orientation and perception of task-involved climate were 12.8% and 10.8% respectively. (3) In terms of the prediction of athletes' intrinsic motivation in oversea training environment, perception of task-involved climate and ego orientation were significant predictors. The total explained variance was 44.7% and the explained variance for perception of task-involved climate and ego orientation were 34.5% and 10.2% respectively. Based on the results of this study, the implications, applications and suggestions for future study are discussed.

並列關鍵字

task orientation ； ego orientation ； task orientation climate ； ego orientation climate

參考文獻

朱素鑾(1996)。成就動機與輸贏對工作難度選擇、內在動機、成敗知覺及成敗歸因的影響。國立體育學院運動科學研究所。

吳明隆(2003)。SPSS統計應用學習實務，問卷分析與應用統計。台北市:知城數位科技。

吳明隆、涂金堂(2007)。SPSS與統計應用分析。台北市:五南出版社。

季力康(1994)。運動目標取向量表：信度和效度的分析。國立體育學院論叢。4(1)，179-185。

黃英哲、季力康(1994)。運動動機氣候與自覺能力對賽前狀態焦慮和滿足感的相關研究。體育學報。18，321-332。