影響後空翻動作著地穩定性因素及肌力訓練之探討

基於後空翻動作著地時能有較佳的穩定性表現，因此，現階段絕大多數競技體操選手在不同單項實施結束動作時後空翻系列動作是首要選項。由於著地穩定性的優劣會嚴重影響專項成績高低及運動傷害的發生，所以本文針對影響後空翻動作著地穩定性的因素及相關肌力訓練內容來進行探討。由本文內容中得知提升後空翻動作著地穩定性應注意下列三點：一、著地角度應接近垂直但角度不宜超過90°。二、應運用收縮膝關節角度來獲得較多緩衝空間及減少身體重心前後移動的幅度，進而能有效減少實施扣分。三、以人體肢段作最有效運用的角度而言，著地時應將手臂上舉如此較容易控制身體重心的穩定性。另外，從預防運動傷害的角度而言提升肌力應是專項訓練中必備課程之一，選手強化腹、背部主要作用肌群的肌力後應能減少著地時發生下肢傷害，所以肌力訓練亦能作為降低競技體操選手著地時發生運動傷害的良好訓練策略。

關鍵字

競技體操；技術分析；肌力訓練；穩定

並列摘要

Due to the fact that backflip somersault landings exude performance stability, for a great majority of current competitive gymnasts, concluding their routines with a series of backflip actions is a primary choice. The quality of the landing performance greatly affects the scores attained during competitions and the risk of injuries. Therefore, this study is primarily focused on investigating factors influencing backflip landing stability and all relevant strength training regimens. From our study, we learn that 3 key factors ensure the enhancement of backflip landing stability. 1. Landing angles should be perpendicular but should not exceed 90°. 2. By applying a technique to contract knee joints during landing, a greater cushioning effect for the knees that reduces the amplitude of movement around the body's center of gravity during landing can be achieved, which can effectively reduce score deductions during competitions. 3. In terms of maximizing the use of a body's segments, landing with upper limbs raised can allow for easy control and stabilization of a body's center of gravity. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of sport injury prevention, muscle strength enhancement is a required course during specialized training. Athletes must strengthen abdominal and back muscles to prevent injuries during landing. Therefore, we can conclude that strength training is an effective method for decreasing the possibility of sports injuries for landing athletes and is an optimal training strategy.