世界優秀羽球男子雙打的技戰術應用特徵及發展趨勢

現今羽球男雙競爭日趨激烈，強化「技、戰、身、心及智」的觀念外，更新技戰術的專項訓練，以提升比賽表現是教練關切的議題。鑑於國內羽球男雙技戰術特徵及其發展趨勢的相關研究極少，本文參考國際文獻加以分析整理，歸納出應用特徵的致勝規律，提供教練分析改善運動員的狀況及訓練時的參考應用。一、發球及接發球階段前6拍是得分的重要關鍵，發球落點以前場1、5區，結合4區的變化為主。接發球落點以中前場2、4、5及6區為主，有較高的主動及得分率。第3、5拍與第4、6拍相互間，具有影響結果的密切關係。二、攻守階段7至12拍間是得分次多的段落，多拍對抗已受關注，要點以提升主動技術為主。三、多拍階段於12拍後，最後一拍多以進攻技術結束；接殺球的反擊和抽上網，前半場雙壓的技戰術特點逐漸展現。全場技戰術應用的特徵顯示，得失分的關鍵、爭奪的重點，已向前半場發展，前場的搶網控制能力強、前半場的平抽擋球後積極跟進封網的意識強，就能有較高的主動權，進攻機會越多獲勝的機會也越大，強調創造進攻和限制進攻的重要性。經與專家討論認為，世界優秀的男雙運動員技戰術發展，除朝向「快速、進攻、全面及多拍」，未來趨勢須重視「獨特、質升、變化及穩定」。

關鍵字

羽球；男子雙打；發球技術；技戰術；致勝規律

並列摘要

As competitions between each country intensify day by day, besides strengthening the concept of the ＂body, mind, techniques, tactics and intelligence,＂ specific training of renewed techniques and tactics to improve performance is an issue coaches are concerned about. In view of the lack of research regarding the concept of the characteristics techniques and tactics of domestic badminton men's doubles and its development trend, this paper references and analyzes international documents, generalizing the winning pattern of the application of technical and tactical characteristics, providing coaches a reference and application to analyze and improve the status of athletes when training. First, serving and the previous six shots on the stage of receiving is an important key to score. The placement serving is based on the changes on the 1st and 5th zone of the frontcourt, combining four zones. The placement receiving is on the 2nd, 4th, 5th and 6th zones, having a higher initiative and score rate. There is a close relationship affecting the results between the 3rd and 5th shots and the 4th and 6th shots. Second, the most points scored in the attacking and defensing stage is between 7 to 12 shots. Multi-shot confrontation has been followed closely. The key is to improve the technique of the initiative. Third, the multi-shot stage happens after 12 shots. The last shot is most likely to end by an attacking technique. The counterattack of returning a smash and driving a shot is gradually shown in the characteristics of the techniques and tactics of double press in the frontcourt. The characteristics of the application of the techniques and tactics in a full court shows that the key of losing or winning a point and the point of fighting have been developing to the frontcourt. With greater control of snatching the net in the frontcourt, and greater awareness of driving and blocking the ball following sealing the net in the frontcourt, there would be a greater power to take the initiative. Furthermore, bringing more opportunities to attack and a bigger chance to win. This enhances the importance of creating attack and limiting attack. According to the discussion made by experts, the development of the techniques and tactics of the world elite badminton men's double is moving toward ＂fast, attack, comprehensive and multi-shot.＂ Besides, the future trend must value ＂unique, quality improvement, variety and stability.＂