探討活化後增能作用對於田徑選手運動表現之影響

Investigate the Effect of Post-Activation Potentiation on Exercise Performance for Track and Field Athletes

張建淳(Chien-Chun Chang) ； 黃呈原(Cheng-Yuan Huang) ； 楊琇甯(Xiu Ning Yang)

《運動教練科學》 53期 (2019/03) Pp. 43-54

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.201903_53.0004

摘要

活化後增能（post-activation potentiation, PAP）為近來運動科學研究熱門的議題之一，為一種肌肉生理適應後，立即性的增加肌肉產生力量和輸出功率生理現象。主要研究變項為力量、速度的增進，另外則是比賽過程中，立即性方式提升運動成績表現。田徑比賽項目中短跑衝刺、投擲、跳躍等，田徑運動員在專項特質表現著重於身體瞬間產生動力輸出，並且受力量與速度影響。PAP現象可透過不同的方式，如：增強式訓練、彈振式訓練、深蹲、跳躍等誘導此一現象的產生，主要目的為達到肌肉最大活動範圍的動態收縮，且適合應用於田徑此類的爆發力型態運動項目。在田徑運動表現中，短距離、跳高與跳遠需要較佳速度和爆發力，而投擲項目著重於身體肌肉快速發力與力量傳遞的能力。因此，本文彙整PAP應用於不同田徑項目的具體誘導活化方式與其增益的效果探討。

關鍵字

投擲 ； 增能效益 ； 疲勞

並列摘要

The post-activation potentiation (PAP) was one of the most popular study issues, in recent years. This study focuses on the post-activation improves exercise capacity. It is the physiological phenomenon of increasing muscle strength during high-intensity exercise. Studies have shown that muscles need to be in a state of contraction near maximum load conditions in order to force to be output at the right time to improve athletic performance with immediate short-term effects. In track and field events, sprinting, throwing, jumping, etc., athletes focus on the body to produce power output in a special trait, and are affected by power and speed. PAP phenomenon can be induced by different methods, such as enhanced training, elastic vibration training, squatting, jumping. The main purposes are to achieve dynamic contraction of the maximum range of muscle activity, and to fit explosive force type sports, such as track and field. Therefore, this study focuses on the activation and energy-enhancing PAP theme applied in track and field competitions, including the specific induction activation methods and gain effects of different items such as sprint, jump and throw. The main factor is the athletic performance of athletes.

並列關鍵字

throwing ； potentiation ； fatigue

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