男子200公尺短跑分段步幅步頻調節之分析

目的：在於分析200公尺跑每20公尺步幅、步頻與平均速度之相關，以提供教練及選手作為訓練時的參考。方法：本研究對象為13名男子短跑選手，平均年齡為17.38 ± 1.82歲、平均成績為24.81 ± 0.93秒、平均身高為175.38 ± 4.68公分、平均體重為65.53 ± 4.84公斤。應用Ariel Performance Analysis System動作分析軟體，再以攝影機拍攝選手200公尺全程跑，擷取影像資料（速度為60張／秒），計算200公尺全程跑時間，擷取本實驗所得的影像資料，所得數據以SPSS 12.0 for Windows套裝軟體進行資料分析，主要的統計方法為描述統計，再進一步以Pearson積差相關考驗各段落步幅、步頻與平均速度之相關，顯著水準定為α = .05。結果：本研究發現，200公尺全程跑除0－20公尺段落的反應階段步幅和步頻未達顯著相關外，其20－40公尺至180－200公尺段落處步幅與步頻之間皆達顯著高負相關，說明步幅、步頻跑的過程中受交互作用影響，當增大步幅時，步頻頻率會降低，若增快步頻，步幅就會遞減。再者，步幅、步頻與平均速度之相關分析發現，在0－20公尺、40－60公尺、60－80公尺和180－200公尺段落，步頻與平均速度兩者關係達顯著正相關，顯示步頻的快慢與速度有著重要的關係。結論：步幅、步頻從起跑後迅速增加，步頻所增加的比重比步幅高，速度的發揮其步頻較步幅重要，說明步頻是影響速度的重要因素，訓練時發展步頻的提升對速度表現較為重要，而步幅次之。

關鍵字

短距離；田徑；平均速度

並列摘要

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among stride length, stride frequency and average speed by each 20m in a 200 meter run. And was further investigated for generating useful information for coaches and athletes while training. Methods: 13 male sprint athletes were recruited in this study as subjects and their averaged age, performance, height, and weight are 17.38 ± 1.82 years old, 24.81 ± 0.93 seconds, 175.38 ± 4.68 cm, 65.53 ± 4.84 kilograms. By using Ariel Performance Analysis System to cameras players along the 200 meter run, and retrieval image data (at the rate of 60 per second), and then calculate the time of the 200 meter run along the way, capture the image of the experiment data. After that, use SPSS 12.0 for Windows software packages for data analysis. The main statistical methods was describing statistics, and by Pearson method to analysis the relationship among test stride length, stride frequency and the average speed of each paragraph, and it shows the significant level as the α = .05. Results: Except for the first 0-20m reacting stage, stride length and stride frequency are significantly negatively related in the 20-40m stage and 180-200m stage, which shows that stride length and stride frequency have interaction effect. When increasing the stride length, the stride frequency would decrease. The same time, when decreasing the stride frequency, the stride length would decrease. What's more, we also discover that, in the reacting stages of 0-20m, 40-60m, 60-80m, and 180-200m, stride length and stride frequency are significantly positively related. Conclusions: The stride frequency is significantly related to the Sprinting speed. The results also shows that Stride length and stride increase rapidly and frequently after the beginning. The proportion of the stride frequency increases more than stride length, stride frequency plays a more important role than stride length in speed, which shows that stride length is important in influencing the speed, and improving the stride frequency is more important than improving the stride strength while training.

並列關鍵字

sprinting ； track and field ； average speed

參考文獻

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男子200公尺短跑分段步幅步頻調節之分析

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