短跑選手步幅、步頻與平均速度之相關研究

Relations among Sprint Contestants' Step Length, Step Frequency, and Average Speed

劉淑華(Shu-Hua Liu)

《輔仁大學體育學刊》 5期 (2006/05) Pp. 171-184

https://doi.org/10.29697/JPE.200605.0015

摘要

The study based on the clip of the 2003 National-wide High School's Track and Field Competition considers the target groups of 141 athletes, which were divided into junior high school male group, junior high school female group, senior high school male group and senior high school female group, form third place to first place in preliminary contests, semi-finals, and finals. The clip captured the whole movement of sprinters from the starting line to terminal line in 100 meters race by SONY camcorder (60Hz). On the other hand, the purpose of this study focuses on the influence among average speed, step length, and step frequency, and can be used as a supply references for training to coaches as well as athletes. The main statistical data are analysis of the differences between description statistics, t test and Pearson's multiplication. The result shows: First, from preliminary contests to finals, female and male groups of high school have faster speed because of longer steps and faster step frequency. Second, in the study, the relationship between the male and female groups of junior high school and the male and female groups of senior high school is negative. Due to the same race distance of 100 meter, the value reaches the standard (p＜.05). This shows step length is closely related with step frequency, presenting the length of step influences the speed of the step frequency, Third, the average speed and step frequency of male athletes reach the standard value of p＜.05, showing the step frequency is the main factor for speed. Nevertheless, the average speed and step length of female athletes reach the standard value of p ＜.05, showing the step length is the main factor for speed. Forth, in the performance of step length and step frequency, senior high school female group has superiority over junior high school female group while the difference is 1.84% in step frequency ability. The difference in step frequency performance is slight between junior high school male group and senior high school male group. However, the senior high school male group is superior to junior high school male group in step length and the difference is 2.95%.

關鍵字

步幅 ； 步頻 ； 平均速度 ； 短跑

並列摘要

The study based on the clip of the 2003 National-wide High School's Track and Field Competition considers the target groups of 141 athletes, which were divided into junior high school male group, junior high school female group, senior high school male group and senior high school female group, form third place to first place in preliminary contests, semi-finals, and finals. The clip captured the whole movement of sprinters from the starting line to terminal line in 100 meters race by SONY camcorder (60Hz). On the other hand, the purpose of this study focuses on the influence among average speed, step length, and step frequency, and can be used as a supply references for training to coaches as well as athletes. The main statistical data are analysis of the differences between description statistics, t test and Pearson's multiplication. The result shows: First, from preliminary contests to finals, female and male groups of high school have faster speed because of longer steps and faster step frequency. Second, in the study, the relationship between the male and female groups of junior high school and the male and female groups of senior high school is negative. Due to the same race distance of 100 meter, the value reaches the standard (p＜.05). This shows step length is closely related with step frequency, presenting the length of step influences the speed of the step frequency, Third, the average speed and step frequency of male athletes reach the standard value of p＜.05, showing the step frequency is the main factor for speed. Nevertheless, the average speed and step length of female athletes reach the standard value of p ＜.05, showing the step length is the main factor for speed. Forth, in the performance of step length and step frequency, senior high school female group has superiority over junior high school female group while the difference is 1.84% in step frequency ability. The difference in step frequency performance is slight between junior high school male group and senior high school male group. However, the senior high school male group is superior to junior high school male group in step length and the difference is 2.95%.

並列關鍵字

step length ； step frequency ； average speed ； sprint

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