WTO會員國智慧財產權保障之落實－自美國專利合理權利金制度觀之

The Enforcement of Intellectual Property Right Protection Done by WTO Members-Judging from the US Patent Reasonable Royalty Evaluation System

陳瑋明

《台灣國際法季刊》 9卷4期 (2012/12) Pp. 171-200

https://doi.org/10.29799/TILQ.201212.0006

摘要

WTO會員國對於智慧財產權保護義務之最低標準，規範於TRIPS條文中。然而，針對智慧財產權保護之細節，諸如損害賠償之額度等部分，TRIP並未明文規範，留待各會員國自行訂立。美國專利法第284條針對此一專利權損害賠償議題，特定兩種類型之金錢賠償計算方式，包括「所失利益（lost profits）」及「合理權利金（reasonable royalty）」，並以「合理權利金」為權利人最低應可獲得之賠償金額。合理權利金之適用，通常在於所失利益判斷法不足以證明因果關係與賠償金額時，為了避免權利人因此無從獲得賠償而設計的計算方法，近年來已經成為美國法院專利損害賠償的主要依據。本文聚焦於美國專利法與判決案例所建立之合理權利金額度計算體系，尤其側重由法院案件所建立之GP因素系統，對於專利侵權合理權利金之估算標準，觀察美國就智慧財產權保護議題之具體落實，用以作為其他WTO會員國之參考依據。所謂GP因素，對於專利認定合理權利金個別因素之適用與權重，視個案的屬性與資料證據而定。其中以既有之授權金、類似之授權，專利品收益、附加價值、侵權利益、產業慣例、專家意見及雙方可以接受的合理價位，為主要之估算基準。

關鍵字

世界貿易組織 ； 智慧財產權 ； 專利權 ； 賠償 ； 合理權利金

並列摘要

TRIPS Articles provide the minimum standard about the responsibility WTO members should bear considering the protection of intellectual property right. While TRIPS leaves room for each country to regulate the details such as the amount of patent for compensation, Article 284 of the US Patent Law regulates two methods to measure the amount for compensation of patent infringement, which are lost profit and reasonable royalty, and reasonable royalty reflects the least amount to compensate the patentee. When there are difficulties to proof the causation when applying lost profit method, reasonable royalty acts as the way to avoid that patentee cannot get any compensation, and it becomes the prime method in US courts to determine the amount of patent damages these recent years.This article will focus on the reasonable royalty speculation system, especially the GP-factor system set up by the US court to discuss the enforcement of intellectual property right protection as the model of WTO members. The speculation of reasonable royalty and the deployment and proportion of each GP factor depends on the nature and the evidence of each case. There are existing royalties, comparable licenses, the profitability of the patented product, the utility and advantages over old modes, the probative value of the use, the customary in the particular business, .The opinion testimony of qualified experts and the amount that a licensor (such as the patentee) and a licensee (such as the infringer) would have agreed upon......as standards to determine the amount of reasonable royalty.

並列關鍵字

WTO ； intellectual property right ； patent ； compensation ； reasonable royalty

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