- 學位論文
探討總專利數、發明人數以及專利佔有率對企業績效之影 響-以美國IC設計產業為例
The Influences of Patent Counts, Inventors and Patent Share upon EBIT Margin in American IC Design industry
摘要
企業之競爭優勢的產生是由於優於其他同產業間競爭對手的有形資產、無形資產以及管理能力所導致，Breitzman & Thomas (2002) 認為在衡量無形資產之價值時，必須使用和專利權相關的指標衡量，專利指標對之重要性於各產業的影響不盡相同，但對於高度知識密集以及重視創新研發核心技術能力之企業而言是至關重要的，對於獲取及維持其競爭優勢有著相當大的影響。 故本研究選擇以高知識密集且重視技術研發之美國IC設計產業為研究對象，利用類神經網絡的方式分析總專利數、發明人數以及專利佔有率對企業績效之影響，其中以除息稅前溢利邊際比率 (EBIT Margin) 做為衡量企業績效之代理變數；再以門檻自我迴歸模型探討若以新增專利數做為門檻變數，各專利指標與企業績效間的影響關係。資料使用期間為2000年至2012年，美國專利商標局 (USPTO) 之專利資料來源與COMPUSTAT資料庫之財務資料。 研究結果顯示，總專利數、發明人數以及專利佔有率三項專利指標與企業之EBIT Margin間存在正向影響關係；門檻自我迴歸結果分別在三重門檻、單一門檻及雙重門檻中顯著。由於總專利數是用於衡量企業創新研發績效之具體成果的指標，因此持有之總專利數量越多，則表示企業投入於創新研發的成果越豐富，對於有利於績效之提升。而在IC設計產業中，研發技術能力是維持競爭優勢的根本，故企業應重視人才招募以及培育，藉由優秀之人力資本以提高企業績效。企業之專利佔有率越高，即代表該企業在某項技術領域中的影響力越大，將有助於企業將其所擁有之知識技術發展，成為該產業中之領導企業，以提高企業之獲利能力，延續其競爭優勢。
並列摘要
The competitive advantages of an enterprise are based on the better tangible assets, intangible assets and the managerial abilities from the competitors. Breitzman & Thomas (2002) find that when measuring the value of the intangible assets, we should use the patent indices. The importance of these patent indices is different among various industries, but it is an important issue for the enterprise which is high knowledge-intensive and really emphasis on research abilities, also has tremendous influence of how they gain and maintain the competitive advantages. In this study, we choose the American IC design industry as the sample, use the patent data from the USTPO and the financial data from COMPUSTAT to explore the influence of the patent counts, inventors and the patent share upon EBIT margin by using the artificial neural network. EBIT margin here is a proxy variable for the company performance. Then, in the threshold autoregressive model, we choose the new declared patents as the threshold variable, to explore the relationship between the patent indices and the corporate performance. The result of this study shows that the three indices, patent counts, inventors and patent share have a positive impact on the EBIT margin. As the result, we suggest the corporates should invest the resources in R&D process to obtain more patent counts and increase the patent share, also recruit more talented inventors to develop the company’s competitive advantages.