有機農業的必然與實現－典範移轉與立法

The Necessity and the Accomplishment of Organic Agriculture-Paradigm Transition and Legislation

郭華仁

《台灣國際法季刊》 9卷4期 (2012/12) Pp. 81-111

https://doi.org/10.29799/TILQ.201212.0003

摘要

本文先行說明農業與人類文明興衰的關係，並基於該觀點闡明慣行農業的崛起、所衍生的環境迫害、以及現行農業生產之過度仰賴化學肥料與農藥造成人類文明的危機。其次論述有機農業的源起、原則與現況，進一步討論有機農業驗證制度的類別，以及歐美日各國對於有機農業的政策扶持。針對各國與我國推展有機農業的緩慢速度，本文以典範轉移的觀點加以解釋，並指出農業政策未能由支持慣行農業轉型為支持有機農業乃關鍵之所在。基於此，本文最後剖析實現有機農業之所本的《有機農業促進條例》草案內容，倡議農業預算應逐年轉型為支持有機農業，而政府促進措施中應包括有機產業與環境之調查監控與維護、有機生產區之設置、有機經營者之協助、有機農業之計畫生產與資材管理、有機農產品通路、有機農業研究與教育之轉型、與消費者之有機教育等。

關鍵字

有機農業 ； 慣行農業 ； 典範轉移 ； 政策轉移 ； 促進條例

並列摘要

This report begins with the explanation of the relationship between agriculture and human civilization. Based on that, the expansion of conventional agriculture, and thus its consequences of environmental disaster, as well as the over-dependence of agricultural production on chemical fertilizer and pesticides were elucidated. The emergence, principles and status of organic agriculture in the world were described, with emphasis on the categories of certification systems and the promotion policies of the governments of the United States of America, Japan and European countries. The slow rate of the organic agriculture adoption of this country and others in the world was noticed and explicated by the theory of paradigm transition. This report proposed that efficient promotion of organic agriculture should be relied on the agricultural policies that transit from supporting conventional to organic agriculture. A draft of ”Regulation of the Promotion for Organic Agriculture” was presented. The main clauses were described, such as agricultural budgets should transit from conventional to organicagriculture year after year, and the implementing programmes should include monitoring of organic industry and agri-environment, establishment of organic farming districts, assistances of organic actors, projects of planned production and production materials, marketing of organic products, transition of research and education of organic production, as well as education of consumers.

並列關鍵字

Organic agriculture ； Conventional agriculture ； Paradigm transition ； Policy transition ； Regulation of Promotion

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