瑞士成為永久中立國之國際背景

Review of the Permanent Neutrality Status of Switzerland from its Historical Background

王思為

《台灣國際法季刊》 10卷1期 (2013/03) Pp. 53-67

摘要

瑞士的永久中立狀態既非外力加諸其上所形成，亦非國家自己所創造，而是歷經四百年的長遠歷史逐漸演進與成長。它包含著相當豐富與深刻的歷史、宗教、政治、經濟、文化等重大事件的影響，與其說中立是瑞士人民的一項政治選擇，勿寧將中立政策視為是瑞士醞釀出來的獨特傳統。本文認為，瑞士中立的另一層意涵就是堅決地維護國家主權的不容侵犯，瑞士人民對於強國環伺的處境，並未讓他們在維護自己國家尊嚴與地位受到矮化，也不會自我貶抑來迎合外國的要求。同時，瑞士對於國際事務的參與，並非採取置身世外的自我孤立，而是密切觀察著世界的演變與世局的變動，做出必要的調整。本文將從歷史層面逐步探討瑞士永久中立的形成與維護，並對瑞士加入聯合國的過程加以評析。

關鍵字

瑞士 ； 永久中立 ； 維也納會議 ； 凡爾賽和約 ； 巴黎和約 ； 聯合國

並列摘要

The permanent neutrality of Switzerland was not formed by external forces, nor was created by itself. Instead, the neutrality of Switzerland had been gradually nourished throughout history. It contains a variety of historical, religious, political, economic, and cultural events and factors. That is to say, neutral status is one of political options that have by chosen by the Swiss people rather than an unique tradition nourished by the Switzerland independently. This Article considers that the neutrality of Switzerland is to secure the inviolability of State sovereignty from another perspective. Surrounding by powerful nations, it has found a way to prevent its national dignity from downgrading, nor has been it unconditionally catered to others demands. At the same time, when it comes to international participation, Switzerland is keen to make adjustment in accordance with the change or trend of the international situation rather then make itself isolated. This Article aims at discussing the formality and maintenance of Swiss neutrality from the perspective of historical aspect and analyzing the process for Switzerland to joint the United Nations.

並列關鍵字

Switzerland ； Permanent Neutrality ； Congress of Vienna ； Treaty of Versailles ； 1919 Paris Peace Conference ； United Nations

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