憲法對私有財產權的保障

The Protection of Individual Property Right Under the Constitution

胡博硯

《台灣國際法季刊》 12卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 55-68

摘要

依據我國憲法第15 條規定，財產權乃受憲法之保障，然而並未明確地指出財產權保障之內容為何。實際上而言，關於是否具備財產價值而須以法律保障，必須取決於立法者之規範。然而，財產權亦非全然毫無限制，仍有可能在公共利益的考量下受到限制，此即所謂的財產的社會義務。然而，財產權不會被絕對的保障是一個大家所可以認知的事情，可是何以會出現那麼多的爭議，在於現存法律的中仍有一定的遐想空間，而法律規範的問題，在執行上將會變本加厲地出現，以至於徵收紛爭何其多。本文將從憲法中對於財產權保障之指示談起，並論及現行私有財產可能受有其他基本權的保障。之後再說明公益徵收的憲法規範，以及在法律上如何落實。最後針對土地徵收的公益性與必要性加以說明。

關鍵字

財產權 ； 憲法 ； 德國基本法 ； 土地徵收條例 ； 制度性保障

並列摘要

According to Article 15 of the Constitution, though the individual property right is protected therein, the scope and content thereof are intentionally left for further interpretation. In fact, whether an object that can be construed as having property value will be decided by legislators’ consideration. However, the property right is not absolute and can be restrained due to public policy, that is, the social obligations of possessing a property. Though the non-absolute character of property right has been widely recognized, it is still ambiguous in terms of how to interpret and define the outer limit of property right. For example, the issue concerning expropriation has drawn a lot of controversy. This article begins with the protection of individual property right safeguarded by the Constitution. Second, the author will discuss whether the property right is also protected through other basic rights. Then, the focus will be shifted to the analysis of legal expropriation and its enforcement under the Constitution. Finally, the article will illustrate more on the public policy and necessity considerations of the expropriation.

並列關鍵字

Property Right ； Constitution ； German Basic Law ； Land Expropriation Act ； Systematic Protection

參考文獻

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陳新民(1985)。論「公益徵收」的補償原則。政大學法評論。32