戰後初期臺灣的國語運動與語文教育―以魏建功與臺灣大學的國語文教育為中心

The National Language (Mandarin) Movement and Language and Literature Education in Early Post-War Taiwan-Taking Wei Jiangong and National Language (Mandarin) and Literature Education at National Taiwan University as a Focus of Study

梅家玲(Chia-Ling Mei)

《臺灣文學研究集刊》 7期 (2010/02) Pp. 125-159

摘要

魏建功是當年來臺從事國語運動的主事者，與負責臺灣省立編譯館的許壽裳共同主導了戰後臺灣的文化重建工作。二二八事件之後，兩人先後轉往臺灣大學任教，並在學院中繼續推動國語文教育。臺大的語文教育，不僅是戰後「去日本化」與「再中國化」的重要部分，更因為其間涉及了語言與文學，國家政策與個人理念、語文傳統和社會現實之間的交錯拉鋸，呈現出複雜的問題性。本文以1947年由魏建功、吳守禮合作編選的臺大語文教本－《大學國語文選》，作為一個具體而微的研究切入點，探討戰後初期臺灣國語運動與語文教育的實質內涵、傳承轉折，以及「語文復原」之「國」語政策所內蘊的曖昧弔詭。全文分三部分：
一、由「日語臺灣」轉向「國語臺灣」―言語秩序的重整與臺灣大學的國語文教育；
二、「由『語』而『文』」―臺大國語文教育的理念與實踐；
三、從中國到臺灣：戰復臺灣之國語運動與文學教育的傳承與轉折。

關鍵字

魏建功 ； 戰後初期 ； 臺灣大學 ； 國語運動 ； 語文教育

並列摘要

Wei Jiangong was a major player in the National Language (Mandarin) Movement after his arrival in Taiwan following World War Ⅱ, and Wei and the head of Taiwan's Institute for Translation and Compilation, Xu Shoushang, led the work of cultural reconstruction in post-War Taiwan. After the 228 Incident, Wei and Xu became professors at National Taiwan University, continuing their promotion of National Language (Mandarin) and literature education at that institution. Taiwan's language and literature education was an important part of ”erasing Japanese influence” and ”re-sinifying” after World War Ⅱ, and because this type of education involved interactions between language and literature, national policies and personal principles, as well as lingual and literary traditions and social realities, it also evinces a number of complicated problems. This article takes The University Mandarin Literature Anthology, a language and literature textbook for National Taiwan University composed in 1947 by Wei Jiangong and Wu Shouli, as a small but complete point of reference from which to further explore the substance, inheritance, and transformation of the National Language (Mandarin) Movement and language and literature education in post-War Taiwan. It also examines the paradox inherent in the ”lingual and literary restoration” of the government's ”National” Language (Mandarin) policies. The article is divided into three sections:
1. From ”Japanese Taiwan” to ”National Language (Mandarin) Taiwan”-The Restoration of Lingual Order and National Taiwan University's National Language (Mandarin) and Literature Education
2. From 'Language' to 'Literature' ”-The Principle and Practice of National Taiwan University's National Language (Mandarin) and Literature Education
3. From Mainland China to Taiwan: Inheritance and Transformation in The National Language (Mandarin) Movement and Literature Education in Post-War Taiwan
At last, examining the Paradox Inherent in Post-War Taiwan's ”National” Language (Mandarin) Movement from the Vantage Point of Wei Jiangong's Principles of Language and Literature Education.

並列關鍵字

Wei Jiangong ； Early Post-War Period ； National Taiwan University ； National Language Mandarin Movement ； Language and Literature Education

參考文獻

王玉川，《國語說話教材及教法》(臺北：國語推行委員會，1948)

倪海曙(1950)。中國拼音文字運動史簡編。上海:時代出版社。

黃英哲(2007)。「去日本化」「再中國化」：戰後臺灣文化重建1945-1947。臺北:麥田。

國立臺灣大學出版組編。國立臺灣大學校刊。

許壽裳，《怎樣學習國語和國文》(臺北：臺灣書店，1945)