影響護理之家照護人員工作疲勞與健康之相關因素分析

Analyses of the Related Factors between Staff' Work Burnout and Perceptive Health Status in Nursing Homes

鄭安雯(An-Wen Cheng) ； 林藍萍(Lan-Ping Lin) ； 許佩蓉(Pei-Jumg Hsu) ； 徐尚為(Shang-Wei Hsu) ； 羅慶徽(Ching-Hui Loh) ； 林金定(Jin-Ding Lin)

《臺灣老人保健學刊》 8卷1期 (2012/06) Pp. 72-91

https://doi.org/10.29797/TJGHR.201206.0005

摘要

長照機構是為老人失能照護機構重要的資源，其中又以「護理之家」以收容需技術性護理之老人及中、重度以上失能者為主。照護人員更是直接影響機構的服務品質，對提升護理之家個案的照護與健康是相當重要的，唯有妥善處理其因工作疲勞所引起的問題，才能落實且提高病患照護品質之目的。本研究主要目的乃在探討護理之家員工職場疲勞與自覺健康狀況之分佈與相關因素。本研究以自擬結構式問卷為主要工具，工作疲勞應用「哥本哈根疲勞量表」與「付出－回饋失衡模型」所發展之職場疲勞量表，內容包括「個人疲勞」、「工作疲勞」、「服務對象疲勞」與「工作過度投入」四個面向，自覺健康狀況使用「Short Form-36量表」以探討員工生理及心理健康。調查對象為全台99床（含）以下護理之家的員工，共計發放問卷680份，回收494份，回收率73%。本研究運用複迴歸模型，控制個人、機構特性及疲勞變項後，在「生理面向」中，50歲以上族群得分顯著低於30歲以下者（β=-4.7, p＜0.01），每週工時41-48小時者得分顯著低於每週工時40小時以下者（β=-1.8, p＜0.05），個人疲勞愈高者得分顯著較低（β=-0.2, p＜0.001）；在「心理面向」中，學歷較高員工得分顯著高於學歷較低員工，已婚者得分顯著高於未婚者（β=1.8, p＜0.01），個人疲勞及工作疲勞愈高者得分顯著較低。本研究指出職場疲勞與自覺健康狀況的相關因素，可作為護理之家健康介入政策之參考。

關鍵字

護理之家 ； 老人 ； 失能 ； 工作疲勞 ； 健康相關因素

並列摘要

Background: Nursing home is the part of an institution of disabled elderly care. In Taiwan, most residents are those who need technical care and moderate to severe disabled. The staffs play an important role on elevating the residents health and care quality. The only way to elevate the care quality is to treat well of the burden of staff in nursing home. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the distribution and correlates of staff' burnout and perceptive health status. Methods: We used a structured questionnaire as the study tool. Working burnout status was using from the Chinese version of Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Siegrist's Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, which includes 4 subscales (personal burnout, work-related burnout, client-related burnout, and over-commitment to work). Perceived health status was using from the ”Short Form-36 scale” to explore the physical and mental health of staff. Staffs in nursing homes with or below 99 beds in Taiwan were the targets of this study. The total number of mail questionnaire was 680, and 494 completed the survey (completion rate of 73%). Results: We used multiple regression analyses by controlling for demographic, facilities, and burnout variables. In the ”Physical Component”, the score of the staff aged over 50 significantly is lower than that of aged lower 30 (β =- 4.7, p ＜0.01), the score of the staff who work 41-48 hours a week is significantly lower than that of working less than 40 hours (β =- 1.8, p ＜0.05), the score of staff with higher personal burnout is significantly lower (β =- 0.2, p ＜0.001). In the ”Mental Component”, the scores of the staff with better educated is significantly higher than that of less educated, the scores of the staff who married is significantly higher than that of unmarried (β = 1.8, p ＜0.01), the score of staff with higher personal burnout and work-related burnout is significantly lower. Conclusion: This study identified the correlates of staff’ burnout and perceptive health status and can be used as reference for health promotion strategies in nursing home.

並列關鍵字

Nursing home ； working burnout ； perceptive health status