初探高齡者休閒參與的阻礙因素

An Exploratory Study of Leisure Constraints of Senior Citizens

葉明勳(Ming-Hsun Yeh) ； 劉坤億(Kun-I Liu)

《臺灣老人保健學刊》 10卷2期 (2014/12) Pp. 110-126

摘要

就國外文獻探討，高齡者休閒參與及健康保健間存在正向關係，但根據內政部2009年《老人狀況調查報告》顯示，有高達28.75%的老人缺乏日常休閒活動。因此，本研究主要探討我國高齡者實際面臨的休閒阻礙因素為何。首先，透過文獻蒐集，說明休閒參與及健康保健之關係，以及介紹休閒阻礙的理論內容。而後利用深度訪談法，以「目的性」及「滾雪球」抽樣方式，訪談居住在新北市永和區及雙溪區的16位高齡者，瞭解其面臨的休閒阻礙。研究發現，居住在永和區及雙溪區的受訪者，皆會面臨個人因素、人際因素及結構因素的休閒阻礙，但由於城鄉差異的現實，導致阻礙成因有所不同。本研究認為，高齡者休閒參與的支持性環境涉及到健康營造、休閒教育、社會支持、社福照顧、經濟安全等跨領域之公共事務結合，僅靠單一政府部會的政策投入是不夠的，必須透過政府跨部會的努力，並整合民間資源，才能建構一個因地制宜的友善高齡者休閒環境，以有效減少高齡者面臨的休閒阻礙。

關鍵字

高齡者 ； 休閒參與 ； 健康保健 ； 休閒阻礙

並列摘要

28.75% of senior citizens were short of usual leisure activities according to the ＂Report of the Senior Citizen Condition Survey＂ issued by Ministry of the Interior in 2009 despite the positive relationship between the Senior Citizens' leisure participation and health care disclosed in foreign literatures. Against this background, we investigate the factors of leisure constraint confronted by senior citizens in Taiwan. First of all, the relationships between leisure participation and health care as well as the theories for leisure constraints are introduced in literature review. Secondly, 16 senior citizens living in Yonghe District and Shuangxi District, New Taipei City, as the respondents for surveys of their leisure constraints, were visited during in-depth interviews based on purposive sampling and snowball sampling. It can be seen from our research these senior citizens at Yonghe District and Shuangxi District were facing leisure constraints attributed to personal factors, interpersonal factors and structural factors, all of which were different from one another due to reality of rural-urban disparity. We argue the aging-friendly leisure environment which works in concert with local conditions and features minimal leisure constraints for senior citizens should be created when the supportive environment for leisure participation of senior citizens involves the combination of various public affairs such as health building, leisure education, social support, social work and care, and economic security that should be properly planned with the government's inter-agency efforts and civil resources integrated in addition to the policy of any single ministry of the government.

並列關鍵字

Senior citizens ； leisure participation ； health care ； leisure constraints