獨居老年長者之心理需求探究

The Study of Psychological Needs of the Elderly Living Alone

林秀娥(Hsiu-O Lin) ； 趙祥和(Siang-Hua Tey)

《臺灣老人保健學刊》 11卷2期 (2015/12) Pp. 80-100

摘要

本研究目的在於了解獨居老年長者的心理需求，並根據研究結果，提出心理服務的省思與建議。本研究於2011 年8 月至10 月，以立意取樣的方式招募6 位65 歲以上之獨居老年長者為本研究之研究對象，以個別深度訪談方式蒐集資料，並採高淑清（2008）所提出的「主題分析法」進行資料分析。本研究發現獨居老年長者具有五個層次之心理需求，分別為：一、生理層面：「緩解生理失能焦慮的心理需求」；二、人際層面：「渴望與他人連結的心理需求」；三、社會層面：「照顧世代責任的心理需求」；四、存在層面：「自由的心理需求」、「尊重的心理需求」、「價值感的心理需求」、「傳承經驗的心理需求」；五、靈性層面：「回顧統整的心理需求」、「生命終點預備的心理需求」。研究者亦針對這五個層次的心理需求進行討論，並提出建議。

關鍵字

心理需求 ； 主題分析 ； 獨居老年長者

並列摘要

The study aimed to explore psychological needs of elderly living alone. Six 65+ year-old elderly who live alone were recruited between August and October in 2011. All of them were interviewed deeply and audiotaped by researcher. The data were transcribed to verbatim and then analyzed through thematic analysis method which Gao (2008) advocated. The findings showed that five facets of the psychological needs were emerged: A. Physiological facet: psychological need of releasing the anxiety with physiological dysfunction. B. Interpersonal facet: Desire to connect with others. C. Societal facet: Responsibilities of taking care for the next generation. D. Existential facet: Including psychological needs of freedom, respect, worthiness, and inheritance. E. Spirituality: Including psychological needs of life review and end-of-life preparation. The clinical implications are also discussed.

並列關鍵字

Elderly living alone ； psychological needs ； thematic analysis method