「臺灣民族音樂調查團」（1943）在馬蘭阿美調查成果之考證與再研究

The Restudy of the Result of the "Research Committee of the Music among the Primitive Tribes in Formosa" (1943) in Falangaw Amis

孫俊彥(Chun-Yen Sun)

《臺灣音樂研究》 8期 (2009/04) Pp. 31-59

https://doi.org/10.29785/FJMR.200904.0002

摘要

1943年，由桝源次郎與黑澤隆朝等人所組成的「臺灣民族音樂調查團」，在臺灣本島進行為期三個月的音樂調查。調查團成員黑澤隆朝，在調查結束多年後，發表了當時調查原住民音樂的研究成果以及錄音，至今仍視為原住民音樂的經典文獻。近年隨著學者對於黑澤隆朝手稿與遺物的整理與發掘，對於調查團的調查動機、過程與成果，打了更深一層的瞭解。本研究將範國限定於阿美族馬蘭社，以臺灣民族音樂調查團及黑澤隆朝於該部落所做之實地踏查與採集錄音為對象，進行考證與再研究。首先，本研究將整理並釐清調查與錄音之曲目，同時追尋馬蘭社參與調查人員之可能身分。例如討論為何調查團當年所採錄的馬蘭社〈獵首歌〉，在今天報導人的認知當中是〈祈雨歌〉，而當年採錄的〈祈雨歌〉卻又失傳。從調查日記以及錄音的內容也得知，當時馬蘭社的部落領袖Laway Omura，曾經協助調查團的踏查工作，而當年22歲的知名歌手郭英男，也可能參與了歌曲的錄音。其次，本研究也試圖從調查團所留下的馬蘭歌謠錄音出發，與後續的錄音進行比較，來探討馬蘭歌謠的可能變遷。從這樣的比較中發現，1943年的調查團錄音，可能保留了當年普遍習慣、但今天幾近或已經消失的演唱方式。本研究僅涉及小區域、特定史料的考證與再研究，與臺灣民族音樂調查團的歷史意義、理論方法、研究影響等並無直接關聯。但希望能以阿美族馬蘭社為例，透過對於文獻的考證，來獲取進一步認識特定地區之音樂與人事物的訊息，以及其半個多世紀來的變遷情形。

關鍵字

臺灣民族音樂調查團 ； 黑澤隆朝 ； 馬蘭阿美

並列摘要

In 1943, the ”Research Committee of the Music Among the Primitive Tribes in Formosa,” which is composed of Masu Genjiro and Kurosawa Takatomo etc., had proceeded an investigation in the Taiwan. The results regarding the aboriginal music are still considered as a classic. This article aims at the village Falangaw of the Amis tribe and focus on the investigation and recordings regarding the village by the Research Committee and Kurosawa Takatomo. The historical meaning, method and influence of the Research Committee are not the main concern in the study. Firstly, this article will clarify the songs collected in the investigation and the recording, and identify the Falangaw people who had join the research. The complex relationship between the ”song of head-hunting” and the ”song the pray for the rain,” for example, will be one of the major subjects in this article. According to the diary of the field work and the recordings, Laway Omura, the chef of the village Falangaw at that time, has assisted the Committee. The famous singer Difang Tuwana (Kuo Ying-Nan) who was 22-year-old, could participate in the recording as well. Secondly, this article will also try to discuss the changes of the Falangaw music by comparing the recordings of the Research Committee and the later researches. This study found out that the recordings of the Research Committee could preserve the music style which might be popular in 1943 and has almost or already disppeared today.

並列關鍵字

Research Committee of the Music Among the Primitive Tribes in Formosa ； Kurosawa Takatomo ； Falangaw Ami