臺灣原住民族口簧琴的變遷與適應一樂器製作與音響運用的轉化

The Transition and Adaptation of Taiwan's Indigenous Jew's Harp- Instrument Production and Sound Modification

劉克浩(Ke-Hau Liu)

《臺灣音樂研究》 8期 (2009/04) Pp. 61-82

https://doi.org/10.29785/FJMR.200904.0003

摘要

口簧琴過去在臺灣原住民族的分布具有族群的普遍性，除了達悟族之外，其他族群都曾存在這樣的樂器。但現今口簧琴僅存在幾個族群當中，而且在使用上早已脫離過去傳統社會使用的方式。一般而言，現今臺灣原住民族口簧琴已變成純粹樂器的角色，傳統的訊息溝通、說話、抒懷的功用，早已消失。雖然傳統的功用性消失，但是臺灣原住民族口簧琴在幾個層面上，以現今的觀察可看到樂器的轉化。筆者的論文除了提出現存口簧琴與過去文獻資料口簧琴的異同之外，並且在口簧琴音響的運用上提出三點看法：一、藉由錄音科技的保存，多簧口簧琴原本語意曲調化的社會功能，轉而變成純粹器樂欣賞。二、單簧泛音旋律吹奏，再加上類似炫技的方法，將各個不同族群的音樂清晰地吹奏出來。三、西洋口琴的傳入，雖然一方面邊緣化傳統口簧琴的使用，但另一方面藉由族人運用轉化，將原本口簧琴的傳統功用運用在口琴，帶來新的表現方式。因此，臺灣原住民族口簧琴雖已不再普遍化，但卻朝向樂器的精緻化，使得現存臺灣原住民族口簧琴呈現出時代適應的意涵。

關鍵字

口簧琴 ； 口琴 ； 泛音

並列摘要

Jew's harp was a prevalent instrument among Taiwanese indigenes in the past. Each tribe played jew's harp except Tao. Currently, a handful of Taiwanese aboriginal tribes still use jew's harp; however, the traditional ways of playing jew's harp no longer exsist.Generally speaking, Taiwan's current indigenous jew's harp only serves as a simple musical instrument and the traditional functions, such as communicating messages, speaking, expressing one's feeling, are vanished. Nevertheless, the transition and adaptation of Taiwan's indigenous jew's harps are obvious in several aspects. This article provides the similarities and dissimilarities of extant jew's harp, the past research, and three viewpoints indicated for playing jew's harp. Firstly, through the preservation of recording technology, the function of communicating messages of jew's harp with multiple tongues has become a simple instrument in music appreciation Secondly, the overtones of jew's harps with a single tongue could be produced lucidly, and the melody could be heared easily. Thirdly, Taiwan's indigenoue jew's harp was replaced by western harmonica, and the indigenes played harmonicas with jew's harp technique of speaking, which created new ways of musical interpretation.Although jew's harp is not a popular instrument among Taiwanese indigenes, it is refined through the reproduction and the modification of playing as well as Taiwan indigenous jew's harps' display of meaning of diachronic existence.

並列關鍵字

jew's harp ； harmonica ； overtone