- 期刊
脈寬調變應用於電動車驅動暨充電整合系統之設計
Integrated System Design of PWM Application on Electrical Vehicle Driving and Battery Charger
摘要
電動車的驅動主要以電源供應的方式，採用直流馬達驅動的架構來設計，整個設計的關鍵技術在於如何有效的控制其運轉的速度，及各種安全考量應變設施，這其中又可分為硬體控制設計，或以軟體程式設計的方式做各種速度輸出之調變設計。 本文主要探討以軟體程式設計，完成脈寬調變的演算法，採用同一顆微控器整合DC直流馬達驅動系統及機車電池充電系統，做一有效的整合控制應用，以發揮其最大的彈性，及最大的效能，採用脈寬調變的方式，來控制直流馬達的輸出功率及電池充電效能，我們以軟體程式設計的方式，探討應用脈寬調變模式之下輸入訊號與輸出功率之間的線性關係，並設計出安全啓始速度輸出限制，以防止直流電動車暴衝的現象，同時我們亦對於最高行駛速度輸出，做一合理限制的設計，以符合各種道路使用速限的規定。
並列摘要
In this work an electrical control vehicle system is fabricated based on a direct current(DC) driving motor. The key feature of the electrical vehicle system is focused on the integration of a DC motor driving system and a battery charging system with the same microcontroller. Driving speed control and limited speed for a consideration of safety are part of functions in this design. It is well known that a DC motor could be controlled by either hardware or software circuit design. In this work we select a flexible and efficient method based on microcontroller unit(MCU) to trigger a DC driving system through software program. The whole system composed of a DC motor driving module and a battery charge module using the same MCU has the advantages of shrinking printed circuit board(PCB), simplifying design circuits, and thus lowering down the cost of the whole system. The DC motor driving speed and battery charging rate are managed through the pulse width modulation(PWM) which is generated by software program. A mapping of PWM designed by software program to that of real output was investigated by the percentage of duty cycle. An initial safety speed was limited to prevent accident in case of a sudden start of vehicle. Also the highest output speed limit is included in the work to ensure a legal driving on the road.