共同職能的文獻回顧

Literature Review of Co-Occupation

林美伶(Mei-Ling Lin) ； 張玲慧(Ling-Hui Chang)

《臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌》 10卷1期 (2014/06) Pp. 49-60

https://doi.org/10.6534/jtotrp.2014.10(1).49

摘要

目的：共同職能（co-occupation）是社會互動性相當高的一種職能。本文回顧文獻裡對共同職能的論述與相關實證研究，並針對研究趨勢、共同職能的型態、功能與意義進行深入的討論，期望能夠增進職能治療師與職能科學研究者對共同職能的了解。最後提供給未來研究的建議。方法：經由六個資料庫，及七個職能治療與職能科學相關的電子期刊，以co-occupation為關鍵字搜尋。自1996年至2012年止，共得12篇原創性文獻。結果：早期研究主要關注母嬰遊戲，近期開始重視不同的共同職能及族群。文獻探討的共同職能包括日照中心的活動、新生兒加護病房或家中的母嬰活動、親子教養活動、「Yahtzee」線上遊戲、與照顧活動等。結論：本文以職能公義（occupational justice）的觀點檢視結果。特定族群如中風個案、發展障礙兒童與成人，需要透過他人的共同從事來獲得有意義的職能經驗。職能治療師可協助維護特定族群融入共同職能的機會和權利。未將共同從事活動的個體納入研究對象，偏重探討單方對共同職能的想法與經驗無法突顯共同職能的特質。未來需要更多研究探討有別於親子活動的共同職能，也應將互動雙方納入研究對象考量。職能治療師可將職能公義的概念融入臨床推理與治療計畫的擬定。

關鍵字

共同職能 ； 職能正義 ； 職能科學

並列摘要

Objective: Co-occupation involves a high level of social interaction. This article reviews existing theoretical papers and empirical research on co-occupation, analyzes the findings by the units of analysis as well as form, function, and meaning of co-occupation. This review contributes to the understanding of co-occupation and provides suggestions for future research. Methods: Twelve peer-reviewed articles were located with a keyword search of co-occupation in six electronic databases and seven occupational therapy and occupational science electronic journals between the years of 1996-2012. Results: Early scholarly works focused on mother-infant play. Other co-occupations and groups of participants have become the topic of exploration within recent years. Co-occupations were examined in the contexts of day care programs, parent-child activity in neonatal intensive care units and at home, an on-line game Yahtzee, or spouse caregiving. Conclusion: The review adopted the lens of occupational justice to further examine the meanings of co-occupation. Specific populations, such as stroke survivors, and children or adults with developmental disabilities, often require others co-participation to experience meaningful occupations. Occupational therapists can advocate for the rights and opportunities of these vulnerable groups of people to engage in co-occupations. The exclusive emphasis on the perspective of only one participant and not including the perspectives of all participants, in co-occupational experiences also limits a comprehensive understanding of co-occupation. More research to explore co-occupations other than parent-child occupations is needed. The research can also include the perspectives of all participants. Occupational justice can become an integral aspect of clinical reasoning and interventions.

並列關鍵字

Co-occupation ； Occupational justice ； Occupational science