談紙書文獻資產的保存－以四庫全書為例

人類由於熱衷於知識的追求，而引發出藏書、惜書、護書等行為，可是書籍以紙張為主要材料，材質相當脆弱，稍有疏失，便會引起書害，造成損傷，因此追求一套良好的藏書保管方法，長期以來，一直考驗著守藏單位。筆者曾任職故宮，負責古籍的保管經營，考見文淵閣《四庫全書》所有書冊，迄今猶觸手如新，探求其原因，實應歸功於修書當年館臣即有「昭垂久遠」的良好保存規畫。然而四庫館臣維護書冊的用心，並未留下完整的文字說明，僅在修纂時期的一些檔案中零星散見。筆者乃藉紙業博物館邀請演講的機會，爬梳整理各種檔案，撰成此文，或可供作典藏紙書文獻機構的參考。全文從常見的紙書災害談起，並分析一些古人對書害防治的方法，又剖析四庫館臣護書成功的種種措施，最後提出，如果守藏者能善於取用前人的寶貴經驗，又能配合現代的科學技術及管理方法，則紙書文獻的永傳就可以實現。

關鍵字

裝潢；修裱；四庫全書；紙書文獻；曝書；藏書樓；霉鰴；書函；副本；清點；分架圖；蠹魚

並列摘要

The desire to acquire knowledge leads to people's maintaining, treasuring, and preserving books. However, the main material of books is paper, the quality of which is sheer and fragile. Any carelessness will cause the damage of books. Therefore, over time the holding institutions have been looking for a good way for preservation of these items. While working in National Palace Museum, I was responsible for the preservation and management of rare books. At that time I had the opportunity to browse the collection of the Siku Quanshu. It was remarkable that the Siku Quanshu looked so new as if it was just published. This contributes to the good plan for preservation. Nevertheless, about the way how the officers of Siku preserved these collections, there was no much information left. It can be found only in dispersed documents. Current paper is based on the speech which I made in the Museum Of Paper Industry. In order to make this speech, I looked up all kinds of relevant archives. Maybe it can be used as a reference for preserving books. At the beginning of this article the reasons for causing the damage of books will be mentioned. Then it goes to the introduction to the way used by ancients for preventing books from damaging and to the analysis of the methods adopted by Siku officers. Finally, it is suggested if conservators can make use of the experience of ancients as well as the modern scientific technology, the dream about the maintenance of the documentation will come true.