遮蔽的抒情－論馬華詩歌的浪漫主義傳統

本論文試圖在現實主義和現代主義兩大傳統之外（或之內），從浪漫主義的角度去觀察馬華文學，試圖建立第三種傳統。建國初期，在愛國主義和馬華文學土本化的聲浪之下，反映馬來西亞人民生活和情感的「現實主義」詩歌，非常符合馬華文藝獨特性的訴求，卻也遮蔽了它們「抒發」及「表現」等浪漫主義的特質。馬華所謂的現實主義詩歌，大多其實大都循著雙軌行進－浪漫主義加上現實主義的書寫模式。現代主義的出現，毋寧是一種反抗的力量，乃是對現實主義傳統以及其僵化的表達模式不滿，而試圖另闢的蹊徑。事實上，「非現實主義」加上浪漫主義，才是他們努力實踐的美學信仰。浪漫主義的在地化，其實跟華人的政治處境／困境有關。本文論述的浪漫個案，以「政治抒情」改寫馬華詩歌現實主義的教條，另闢蹊徑示範「反映馬來西亞人的生活」，那是建立在現實（政治）上，一直被存而不論的，被遮蔽的「在地」浪漫主義。

關鍵字

馬華詩歌；浪漫主義；現實主義；現代主義；政治抒情

並列摘要

This thesis is intended to investigate the Malaysian Chinese Literature via romanticism, based on the 2 major traditions of realism and modernism outwardly (or inwardly), and thus establishing the 3rd tradition. Under the clamor of patriotism & localization of Malaysian Chinese, poetries of ”localized view” and ”localized writing” vastly emerged in early days of foundation. Languages used in those poetries were simple & direct, impassioned and sloganized. Such realism kind of poetries reflects the living & sensibility of Malaysian, fulfills the desire of the unique Malaysian Chinese literature, and shut off the ”expression”, ”performance” and etc characteristic of romanticism at the same time. The so-called realism kind of Malaysian Chinese poetry is indeed following a double tracked writing mode of romanticism and realism at large. The occurrence of modernism is a new path, rather than a force of opposition, to express dissatisfaction over the traditional and rigescent expression of realism. The combination of non-realism and romanticism is in fact the endeavored practice for their anesthetic belief. The localization of romanticism is relevant to political place / deep end of the Chinese. The romantic cases being discussed in this thesis made use of the ”political lyric” to overwrite the doctrine of realism of Malaysian Chinese poetry, a new way to demonstrate ”the reflection of Malaysian living” (established on real politics; existed but non-discussed; shut off ”localized” romanticism).