俗化的美學－六朝人士的俚俗傾向及其文學表現

六朝文學集團主要由門閥士族組成，而這些出身於世家貴族的文人，既處於經濟社會階級的頂端，其日常與文藝愛好也理當以雅正為依歸。然而本文注意到六朝作家在日常身體的行為表現、語言使用，以至於在文學創作等面向，都有趨於「俚俗」化的傾向。因此，本文分為三個主要部份，首先梳理過去學者如鄭毓瑜、宇文所安對於這樣「俗化」、「市井化」傾向的論述；其次從身體行為與語言使用的面向，觀察南北朝士人的「俗化」傾向；其三則聚焦文學作品，舉摘出俚俗題材的辭賦、擬代的樂府民歌和宮體詩等不同文類所呈現的俗化美學，試圖從六朝士族這般趨近於庶民的特徵，發掘他們的俚俗習態背後的文化意涵及其深層心態。

關鍵字

六朝；俚俗；宮體；樂府；文化劇場；特權建構

並列摘要

Literary Organization of Six Dynasties was mainly composed of aristocrats. These scholars were born with noble background and were on the top of social-economical stratification at the moment. Their daily routines and art enthusiasms were naturally based on elegance and appropriateness. However, this study pays attention to the tendency of the literary creation from the writers of Six Dynasties being secularized due to their daily behaviors, physical expressions and the usages of language. Therefore, this study has three main parts. Above all, it sorts out the discourses of the past scholars like Yu-Yu Cheng and Stephen Owen toward the tendency of secularization. Furthermore, observing the tendency of the Northern and Southern writers toward secularization by the aspect of their physical expressions and the usages of language. Finally, focus on literary works and its secularized aesthetics from different genres such as Ci Fu of vulgar theme, Yuefu folk song and palace poetry. Attempting to discover and clarify cultural meanings behind the secularization and the attitudes, imaginations and identifications of Six Dynasty scholars by their unique aesthetic qualities of turning elegance to vulgar and being vulgar as elegance.