補光光質對番茄‘豐年二號’生長與果實品質之影響

Effects of Supplemental Light Quality on Growth and Fruit Quality of Tomato 'Harvest II'

鄔家琪(Chia-Chyi Wu) ； 張明毅(Ming-Yih Chang) ； 連芳潔(Fang-Jie Liang)

《臺灣園藝》 61卷2期 (2015/06) Pp. 141-152

摘要

番茄是全世界重要的蔬果，而光是影響其生長發育的重要因子，自然光照不足常是造成設施番茄產量下降的主要原因之一，尤其在冬季此影響更加顯著。光質影響植物生長、形態與生理，故本試驗於冬季對溫室番茄進行株間補光，觀察其對番茄生育之影響，評估合適的補光光質。將六種不同光質包括冷白光、純紅光、純藍光、紅多藍少、紅少藍多、紅藍各半之發光二極體（Light emitting diode, LED）架設於離地1 m、植株旁15 cm處，冬季於1600-2200 HR進行株間補光，以不補光處理為對照組（CK）。經補光處理三週後，以2R8B補光處理之番茄植株株高、莖徑、葉片數、葉面積、鮮乾重等生物量顯著高於其他處理，且壯苗指數最高，不補光之對照組生長最差；2R8B處理組亦較對照組提早17天開花與4天收穫，並提高產量62%、果實外表顏色a值與內含物。始花期最慢者為5R5B處理組，其與最早開花之2R8B處理組相差22天，且果實產量也最少，顯著低於其他補光處理。故株間補光可顯著提早冬季溫室番茄‘豐年二號’之採收日期，並增加果實產量、提高品質，但不同補光光質對番茄生長與品質有顯著差異。

關鍵字

溫室番茄 ； 發光二極體 ； 蔬菜生產 ； 株間補光

並列摘要

Tomato is a very important horticultural crop in the world. Light is the major factor that affects plant growth and development. Insufficient natural light is the main reason of yield reduction in greenhouse tomato production, especially in the winter. Light quality also affects plant growth, morphology and physiology. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supplemental light quality on tomato growth, yield and fruit quality to evaluate the suitable light quality of interlighting for the production of greenhouse tomato 'Harvest II' in winter Artificial interlighting was provided by six different light-emitting diodes (LED), including cool white (CW), red (RED), blue (BLUE), and three combinations of red and blue lights (7R3B, 5R5B, and 2R8B). The lights were installed horizontally along the plants at the distance of 15 cm and 1 m above ground. Plants in each treatment were supplied with 6-hour interlighting during 1600-2200 HR. The plants in control (CK) were not supplied with artificial lighting. The results showed that the plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, leaf area, fresh weight, dry weight, and seedling health index in 2R8B treatment were significantly higher than others. The growth in the CK was the worst. Compared with the CK, 2R8B treatment shortened the days to anthesis by 17 days, the days to harvest by 4 days, and increased the yield by 62%. The days to anthesis in 5R5B treatment increased by 22 days compared with 2R8B treatment. Among all lighting treatments, the 5R5B had the longest days to anthesis and the lowest fruit yield. This study proves supplemental lighting significantly shortened the days to harvest, increased the fruit yield and improved the quality of greenhouse tomato 'Harvest II' in winter The tomato development and fruit quality were affected significantly by different supplemental light quality.

並列關鍵字

greenhouse tomato ； light emitting diode ； vegetable production ； interlighting