By combining the ancient doctrine of research and the modern journal literature involved ”the spleen governs the muscles” theory to analysis the origin and evolution of the theory, modern basic and clinical research, clinical treatment and other aspects of the status quo are summarized, and further defined the theory of clinical significance, at the same time revealed the theoretical basis for spleen governing the muscles mainly based on two aspects including muscle movement and energy metabolism. Spleen deficiency contributing to muscle monitoring dysfunction also included 2 aspects. One is muscle atrophy and the other is dysfunction of energy metabolism causing muscle wasting, malnutrition, etc., and combined with modern molecular biology, innovatively proposed ”uncoupling proteins may be new growth theory of 'spleen governs the muscles'”, which will provide for future research and development in new areas.