論我國文官中立法制化及其規範效果

Examining the Enacting of Civil Service Neutrality and What Subject to Its Control

楊戊龍(Wu-Lung Yang)

《高大法學論叢》 1卷1期 (2005/07) Pp. 139-166

https://doi.org/10.29887/NUKLJ.200507.0002

摘要

文官的政治行為規範是一個陳年但政府尚無意認真面對的問題。這個問題需要妥適解決的原因，一方面來自政黨公平競爭、黨國分離的要求，另一方面則來自政府運作的效能與公共利益要求。本文認為現階段文官中立問題的探討及實踐，應將重點置於下列面向：1.應聚焦於文官不當運用行政職權及資源之行為與參與政治活動之界限兩部分；2.文官不當運用行政職權及資源輔選部分，應受到完全的禁止；3.文官參與政治活動部分，應視職務屬性作適度的界定，包括界定受許可的領域及應禁止的領域，惟無論如何嚴謹的法令，都會留下模糊的空間；4.受許可的領域，應有保護機制，以保護文官行使該項權利時，不受報復；在模糊領域，應有中立的爭議諮詢及裁決機制，以提供文官意見諮詢及解決爭議；在應禁止領域，應有控制機制，以對踰越範圍者予以處罰。如何建立一個中立的諮詢、裁決機制，及具有執行力的控制機制，是未來努力的方向。

關鍵字

文官中立 ； 行政中立 ； 政治中立 ； 政治行為規範 ； 混合旅程 ； 行政資源 ； 償還國庫 ； 細瑣行為 ； 偶然性行為

並列摘要

The political activity of government employees has been a concern of the public and academic circle. The government and the politicians, however, did not seriously and properly deal with this issue in the past years. In order to prevent government officials from unduly using their authority for the purpose of affecting the results of an election, establish a fair and equal competition system in partisan election, ensure efficiency and effectiveness of government operations, and protect public interests, the text argues that the personnel authorities need to reconsider the limitations of political activities of government employees and its enforcement system. The text also advocates the following lines:
(1) The focus should be directly put on the abuse of official authority and resources, particularly in the high levels, as well as the permissive and the prohibited political activities.
(2) The abuse of official authority and resources has to be forbidden completely.
(3) The permissive and the prohibited political activities have to be reasonably defined in a way that accords with the character of the position. For protecting the employee’s rights of participating in permissive activities without fear of reprisal from the agency head, a safeguard system should be established. For disciplining those who in the high levels misuse official authority and resources, an enforceable punishment system should be built.
(4) Inevitably, some vagueness exists, no matter how hard we try to define the permissive and the prohibited activities. So a neutral advisory and adjudication system should be set up to provide advisory opinions and decide on the disputes. Today, what our community needs devastatingly is a neutral advisory and adjudication system, and a punishment system with enforcement power.

並列關鍵字

civil service neutrality ； political neutrality ； administrative neutrality ； mixed trip ； reimbursement ； Incidental conduct ； de minimis conduct