國際海上旅客運送法規範與我國海商法相關發展之探討

International Legal Development of Carriage of Passengers by the Sea with the Reference to Future Modification of Taiwan's Maritime Law

林俊宏(Chun-Hung Lin)

《高大法學論叢》 9卷1期 (2013/09) Pp. 57-106

摘要

近年來海上旅客運送往來逐步興盛，國際間為強調海上旅客運送之重要並重視旅客之安全，早於1974年便簽定了雅典海上旅客及行李運送公約（Athens Convention Relating to the Carriage of Passengers and Their Luggage by Sea，1974年雅典公約）及1976年雅典海上旅客及其行李運送公約議定書（Protocol of 1976 to Athens Convention Relating to the Carriage of Passengers and Their Luggage by Sea，1976年雅典公約議定書），我國《海商法》對於旅客運送一節，規定並非完備，不是依第79條準用貨物運送的規定，抑或依《海商法》第5條適用《民法》的規定，但此種法制設計並非妥適，概因陸上運送風險不若海上運送來的高，所以不論是準用海商法貨物運送的規定，或是適用《民法》的規定，似都無法符合海上旅客運送的特殊性質。為了釐清海上旅客運送相關規範內容，本文將以雅典公約為架構，分析海上旅客運送人所涉及之權利、義務及責任，最後並提出建議。

關鍵字

旅客運送 ； 行李運送 ； 雅典公約 ； 海商法 ； 民法

並列摘要

Following with blooming businesses of carriage of passengers by the sea, the international community had emphasized the importance of passenger transportation by the sea of and the issues of traveler safety. For this purpose, many countries had signed the ”Athens Convention Relating to the Carriage of Passengers and Their Luggage by Sea” in 1974 and ”Protocol of Athens Convention Relating to the Carriage of Passengers and Their Luggage by Sea” in 1976. Regarding the passenger transportation by the sea, Taiwan's Maritime Law had yet fulfilled related enactments, rather than applied to the rules of cargo transportation in the Maritime Law or general rule of Civil Law. Neither the application of rules of cargo transportation nor general rules of Civil Law was a suitable way to resolve related problems. It is because the sea transportation had to bear higher risk than the one by the land. To clarify the related issues, the article would use Athens Convention as an example to analyze the privileges, obligations, and responsibilities of sea carriers as well as make the final recommendation for Taiwan's future legal modification in Maritime Law.

並列關鍵字

Passenger transportation ； Carriage of Luggage ； Athens Convention ； Maritime Law ； Civil Law