以史學理論評白先勇的《臺北人》

Literature Reviews with the Historiography Theories on Taipei Person Written by Mr. Bai

王啟明(Chi-Ming Wang)

《華人前瞻研究》 3卷1期 (2007/05) Pp. 61-77

https://doi.org/10.6428/JCTF.200705.0061

摘要

夏志清在《現代文學》的〈白先勇論〉一文中認為：「《臺北人》甚至可以說是部民國史，因為《梁父吟》中的主角在辛亥革命時就有一度顯赫的歷史。」歐陽子也同意夏志清所言。以章學誠的「六經皆史」的理論分析《臺北人》時，可以發現白先勇在創作小說時，無形中記錄了1960年代臺北的生活史。
《文史通義》：「六經皆史也。古人不著書，古人未嘗離事而言理，六經皆先王之政典也。」六經都是古代的「官司掌故」屬於官府的檔案資料。《詩經》十五國風是周朝官府派員到民間搜集的韻文，記載當時的地方風俗與民間事物。《臺北人》屬於文學創作的小說，以60年代的臺灣為題材，包括不同身份地位與省份的人物，但是白先勇以當時的社會作為背景，完整的記錄“遷移者”的生活與思維。
劉勰在《文心雕龍•史傳》認為史書必須「實錄無隱」和「務信棄奇」，反對迎合世俗的好奇，穿鑿邪說，追求奇異；也反對趨炎附勢，吹捧權貴，貶抑失意之士。《臺北人》確實的批評當時的國民黨。
法國年鑑史家主張「以人類所有活動的歷史，取代傳統史學以政治為主幹的歷史」，他們批判傳統的史家只注意到過去歷史發展的表面，而未觸及歷史事實(historical reality)中的深層結構。他們也倡導史學家去研究人類活動的總體史，認為唯有從事經濟、社會、文化、地理等「現象」與「實體」的研究，才可達到對歷史整體的理解(comprehension)，並由此構成其「整體歷史」的概念。
研究《臺北人》的學者，多半沒有注意到白先勇本身也是“臺北人”。《臺北人》實際上是臺北人自己的生活記錄，只有虛構了許多的人物，這些人物又具有真實性，代表由大陸遷移到臺北的人。
白先勇先生所創造的人物都是有所本的，類似《詩經》中的“採風”，屬於人類學的田野調查範疇，只是文章的型態是小說，不是一般的學術文章，那麼不應該以文體，否認其歷史意義。《臺北人》是由大群體中，選擇幾位代表性的人物，以小說方式處理，描述當時的生活。由《臺北人》文本中可以了解當時的流行文化、飲食文化、居住環境、臺北市環境的變遷，以及“臺北人”的思想。以傳統歷史學的而言，《臺北人》可以用“遷移者列傳”為篇名，歸納於臺灣史中。

關鍵字

史學理論 ； 白先勇 ； 臺北人

並列摘要

Xia Chihch'ing at Contemporary Literature of Comment on Bai, Hsienyong think in one text: Taipei person even can be treated as a republic history, because of Leung's father sings medium leading role at 1911 Revolution have the once imposing history. Ouyang also agrees the pure words of the ambition of the summer.
With the theories of ”six through all history” of Zhang, Hsuehch'eng analysis Taipei person, can find the Bai, Hsienyong is while creating novel, the life history that invisibly record the 1960's Taipei. The historiography accepted meaning: Six through all the history is the same. The ancients doesn't wear the book, the ancients hasn't to leave the matter and speech reason, six through all the Political standard of the royal ancestors is the same. Six through is all the file data the ancient the lawsuit anecdote belongs to the authorities. Book of Poetry's 15 Country Custom are the rhyme texts that the Zhou Dynasty authorities parties member goes to the folks to collect, jotting down the customs in the place at that time and civil thing. Taipei person belong to the novel of the literature creations, take Taiwan of the 60's as the topic, include the different body a position and the person of the province, but the Bai, Hsienyong was the background with the society at that time, the life and the thinking of the record mover of the integrity.
Liu Xie think historical records have to the factual records and the letter leaves strange, objection cater to common customs of very strange, forced heterodox, pursue the oddity. It also be opposed to curry favor with powerful people, aggrandize the power expensive, devaluate to suppress disappointed of private. Taipei person the definite animadversion of Kuomintang at that time.
Annales d'histoire economigue et sociale claim to with all histories of activities of mankind, replace the traditional historiography regard politics as principle the history that does, they criticize the traditional history house only notice past the history development of surface, and didn't touch the deep structure within the fact of history. They also initiate the total history that studies mankind's activity of the historiography house, think only the research of working on phenomenon, such as economy, society, culture and geography and entity, just can reach the whole comprehension toward the history, and from here constitute the concept of its whole histories.
The most scholars of Taipei person didn't notice the Bai, Hsienyong oneself was still a Taipei person. Taipei person actually is a person's own life and Taipei record, only has a purely imaginative many persons with the reliability, to represent the person who is moved by the Mainland Chain and go to Taipei.
The persons created by Bai, Hsienyong all have the origins of, similar Book of Poetry medium adopt the Custom, the countryside that belongs to the anthropology investigates the category, just the type of the article is a novel concept, not the generally academic study, so it shouldn't be a literary style which can deny the history meanings.
Taipei person is written with a big community, and chosen the persons of a few representatives, and handled by the novel methods to describe the life style at that time. By Taipei person text originally can understand the spread of the cultures, food cultures, living environments at that time, the changes of the Taipei city environment, and the thoughts of Taipei person.
To learn with the traditional history of Taipei person, we can use the mover biographies to induce the Taiwanese history.

並列關鍵字

Historiography Theories ； Bai ； Hsienyong ； Taipei Person