博物館成人教育發展趨勢

Trends and Development of Museum Adult Education

謝義勇(Jih-Yung Hsieh)

《致遠管理學院學報》 1期 (2006/08) Pp. 101-121

https://doi.org/10.6595/BDCM.2006.1.7

摘要

博物館反映社會變遷的軌跡，其角色已由被動轉為主動，所關照的已非僅限於過去的文物，更在於現在社會與未來變革。因此，很多社會上的熱門議題如生態保育、少數民族問題、女性主義運動、環保意識……等，已常成為博物館展示的主題，直接反映社會發展的脈動，博物館在成人教育所扮演的角色已日趨重要。十九世紀以來，博物館在各國呈現穩定的成長。且博物館由精英主義取向轉而為社會大眾服務，其在文化上的表現，亦有所改變；過去，在菁英主義的理念下使博物館成為文化權威機構，並由它詮釋相關知識，形成知識與文化的壟斷。二十世紀以還，由於多元文化主義(multiculturalism)的推波助瀾，使博物館除了負有保存文化、闡釋文化的責任外，更有積極的教育責任，對社會與文化有所回應；博物館不再淪為少數人壟斷的機構，而是引導社會變遷、改革與創造平等的教育文化機構。本文擬從社會學的觀點，以文獻研究法探討博物館起源及其與成人教育之關係，並就理論面與實務面剖析博物館成人教育發展趨勢，以供教育同道參考。

關鍵字

博物館 ； 成人教育 ； 成人教育學 ； 自我導向學習 ； 經驗學習 ； 轉換學習理論 ； 終身學習

並列摘要

Museums reflect the trace of social changes with the role transferring to taking the initiative from passiveness. The concern doesn't limit to past historical relics only yet, but lies in the change between present and future society. Thus, the hot topics, such as ecological protection, problems of ethnic minority, feminism movement, and environmental consciousness, have already become exhibition themes, expressing directly the trend of social development. Indeed, the role which museums acted in adult education has been gradually important.
Since 19th century, museums have presented the stable growth in various countries. Museums were led by the elite and finally changed to serve for the social populace. In the past, museums became the authoritative cultural organization under elitist ideology, and they annotated relevant knowledge, formed the monopoly of knowledge and culture. Since 20th century, inspired by multiculturalism, museums didn't only preserve and interpret the culture, but also assumed the positive education responsibility, responding to the society and the culture. Museums no longer degenerated into the organization for minority, but ones guided social vicissitude, the reform and created equality.
The study drafts from the view of sociology, probing into the revolution of museums and the relation with the adult education by using literature review method, and further analyzes the trends and development of museum adult education based on theory and practice. The final suggestion and conclusion will be made for reference of the education field.

並列關鍵字

museum ； adult education ； adult pedagogy ； self-directed learning ； experiential learning ； transformative learning ； lifelong learning

參考文獻

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