失智症之診斷與治療

台灣65歲以上人口已在1993年達7%，正式進入高齡化社會的時代，截至2009年8月已達243萬5千餘人，占總人口的0.55%。由於台灣老年人口的快速增加，盛行於老年人的失智症人數也隨之增加。失智症的特徵是漸進性認知功能減退，包括記憶力會受到影響，並且其症狀會使一個人正常生活的能力受損。美國精神醫學會於2013年所出版的精神疾病診斷與統計手冊第五版中，將失智症更名為重度神經認知症（major neurocognitive disorder）。在其診斷標準中，認知功能要有至少一項以上衰退，包括整體注意力、執行功能、學習能力、記憶力、語言功能、知覺動作功能或社會人際認知等。希望藉由更了解失智症的病生理機轉，衛教病人與家屬知道失智症，在早期可以預防及發現失智症，在晚期可以照顧病人，並且可以善終。

關鍵字

失智症；診斷；治療

並列摘要

In 1993, with more than 7% of total population were aged 65 years old and more, the era of aging society had begun in Taiwan. The elderly population had reached to 2,435 thousand in August 2009, accounted for 10.55% of the total population. Because of rapidly increased aged population in Taiwan, the dementia patients who were prevalent in aged people also increase rapidly. Dementia was a syndrome characterized by progressive deterioration in cognitive function, including memory, which impairs a person’s capacity to function normally. In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5), ＂dementia＂ in the previous edition was replaced by ＂major neurocognitive disorder＂. The criteria for major neurocognitive disorder include ＂significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance in one or more cognitive domains (complex attention, executive function, learning and memory, language, perceptual- motor, or social cognition)＂. Improving understanding of pathophysiologic mechanism for dementia and integrating education helped patients and family to detect the early stages of dementia and promote the quality of care in the advanced stage of dementia.

並列關鍵字

dementia ； diagnosis ； treatment

參考文獻

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Hutchings, R., Palermo, R., Piguet, O., & Kumfor, F. (2017). Disrupted face processing in frontotemporal dementia: A review of the clinical and neuroanatomical evidence. Neuropsychol Rev. doi:10.1007/s11065-016-9340-2

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McShane, R., Areosa Sastre, A., & Minakaran, N. (2006). Memantine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev(2), Cd003154. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003154.pub5

被引用紀錄

吳瀚德（2021）。中醫藥介入失智症預防保健之課程方案設計－成人教育理論的應用。中醫內科醫學雜誌，19(1)，24-36。https://doi.org/10.7102/JTCIM.202106_19(1).0003

陳怡樺、趙玟瑄、樓美玲、呂淑華、馬維芬（2022）。居家護理師照護輕度及中度失智症患者之行動意義經驗。精神衛生護理雜誌，17(2)，20-29。https://doi.org/10.6847/TJPMHN.202208_17(2).04

林孟薇、李文禮、蘇信鳳、宋惠娟、王秀美、李浩銘、涂世俊（2022）。失智照護行動學習及支持計畫運用於居家照顧服務員可行性之探討。長期照護雜誌，24(3)，249-265。https://doi.org/10.6317/LTC.202204_24(3).0006

郭紡瑄、穆佩芬、王培寧（2021）。家庭韌力、家庭界限模糊與失智病人其主要照顧者之希望感的相關性探討。榮總護理，38(2)，175-183。https://doi.org/10.6142/VGHN.202106_38(2).0008

蘇信鳳、王秀美、林孟薇、宋惠娟（2018）。居家照顧服務員對失智症照顧知識、態度與自覺照顧能力之探討。榮總護理，35(2)，152-162。https://doi.org/10.6142/VGHN.201806_35(2).0005

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失智症之診斷與治療

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