從德國法制之觀點論臺灣公立公共圖書館之使用規則

On the Rules for Use of the Public Library in Taiwan from the Perspective of the German Law

林明昕(Ming-Hsin Lin) ； 張淇龍(Chi-Lung Chang)

《圖書資訊學研究》 5卷2期 (2011/06) Pp. 29-52

摘要

依據我國圖書館法第8條規定，圖書館得訂定相關規定，以規範使用人使用圖書館之權利義務，即「使用關係」的事項。雖然這條條文明白賦予圖書館訂定所謂「使用規則」的規則制定權限，但在有關屬於公立性質的公共圖書館方面，其使用規則的規範性質為何，並得訂定哪些有關圖書館之使用關係的事項等問題，則非無爭議。由於我國現行行政法制，深受德國法學之影響，因此本文即從德國法制之比較觀察，深入探討我國公立公共圖書館之使用規則的規範性質（形式）及使用關係（內容）兩項議題。從而可確定的是：公立公共圖書館之使用規則，不論其形式與內容，實與圖書館本身的法律組織型態無關。至於有關使用規則的規範性質問題，在我國現階段既有圖書館法第8條的授權下，只要同時遵守其他法律保留原則之要求，也毋庸過度強調。申言之，目前我國各公立公共圖書館的使用規則，比較具有檢討必要者，毋寧是其所規範的使用關係，是否能正確指向公共圖書館設置的目的，乃至於形成該使用關係的使用人之權利義務，是否能符合圖書館法第8條及其他條文之規定等問題。

關鍵字

公共圖書館 ； 公營造物 ； 公共設施 ； 使用規則 ； 使用關係

並列摘要

Pursuant to Article 8 of the Library Law of Taiwan, a library may enact rules regulating the rights and obligations resulting from the utilization of the library, namely the ”relationship of utilization.” This provision grants the library the power to enact so-called ”rules for use.” However, the normative nature of the rules for use enacted by the ”public library,” which hereinafter refers specifically to those established and maintained by the government, and the scope of the relationship of utilization subject to the rules for use are still unclear. Since the current administrative legal system in Taiwan has been deeply affected by the German jurisprudence, this article, in light of the German law, is to discuss in depth two themes: the normative nature of rules for use enacted by the public library (the form) and the relationship of utilization regulated by the rules (the content). Therefore, it is argued that the rules for use enacted by the public library have nothing to do with the library's legal type of organization, regardless of the rules' form or content. As for the normative nature, since the rules for use are enacted under the authority of the above-mentioned Article 8 of the Library Law, there exist fewer problems as long as they comply with the principle of legal reservation (Grundsatz des Gesetzesvorbehalts). As far as the public library's rules for use in Taiwan are concerned, it is more important as to whether the regulated relationship of utilization can satisfy the purpose of establishing public libraries, and whether a user's right and obligation concerning the relationship of utilization can be consistent with Article 8 of the Library Law and other provisions.

並列關鍵字

Public library ； Public institution öffentliche Anstalt ； Public facility ； Rules for use ； Relationship of utilization

參考文獻

吳庚(2005)。行政法之理論與實用。臺北市:吳庚。

林明昕(2010)。地方自治事項與委辦事項之委任及委託：以臺北市政府組織自治條例第二條第二項及第三項之爭議為中心。臺大法學論叢。39(4)，213-298。

陳敏(2009)。行政法總論。臺北市:陳敏。

廖又生(1996)。讀者服務規則釐訂原理之探討。圖書館管理學報。2，89-100。

Chen, A.-E.(1994).Öffentlich-rechtliche Anstalten und ihre Nutzung.Baden-Baden, Germany:Nomos.