不同游泳運動階段運動期望價值信念差異之研究

本研究主要目的是以跨理論模式的階段分期及Eccles的期望價值理論為基礎，檢驗不同游泳運動行為階段期望與價值信念的差異，以瞭解人們選擇參與游泳運動的原因。研究方法：以林旭龍、呂昌明（2002）所發展的運動行為階段量表，廖主民（2007）所發展的運動期望價值量表以及參考劉影梅等人（2003）所發展的運動量表為工具，400位研究參與者參與本研究，有效樣本共371人，年齡從22－63歲（M＝41.29，SD＝10.49）。其中男性214人（57.7％）、女性157（42.3％）。單因子變異數分析結果顯示：不同游泳運動階段者的游泳運動涉入程度、能力期望、失敗的心理代價、重要他人的期望代價、工作價值差異達顯著水準。討論：不同的游泳運動行為階段有不同程度的運動期望與價值信念，且以期望價值的概念探討游泳運動領域成就行為，是值得努力的方向。

關鍵字

跨理論模式；期望信念；價值信念

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in expectancy and value beliefs of individuals in different stages of swimming behavior's, based on the transtheoretical model (Prochaska & DiClement, 1982) and Eccles's expectancy - value theory (Eccles et al., 1983). Method: Measurements of this research were revised Behavior Stage Scale (Lin & Lu, 2002), the Expectancy and Value Beliefs Scale (Liao, 2007), and swimming Participant Scale. Three hundred seventy-one Participants completed the questionnaires. Age from22 to63years old (M=41.29, SD=10.49; male 214, 57.7%; female 157, 42.3%). One-Way ANOVA was used to analyze the differences in expectancy and value beliefs of different swimming behavior stages. Results showed that in different swimming behavior stages were significantly different in scores of ability expectancy, required efforts, psychological cost of failure, expectancy cost from significant others, and task value. This data supported the concepts of stages of change in exercise behaviors, and the validity of utilizing expectancy and value belief to describe psychological differences of individuals in different stages of exercise behaviors.