大專校院學生體適能、飲食與睡眠之研究

目的：瞭解大專校院學生體適能、飲食與睡眠狀況。方法：分層隨機抽樣80所大專校院，各校每年級抽測19至23歲男、女生各50位，每校一至四年級共抽測400位學生。以自編之「大專校院學生運動習慣調查暨體適能檢測結果表」進行問卷調查與體適能檢測，回收有效資料共計28,977份。結果：一、大專學生一分鐘屈膝仰臥起坐有進步，坐姿體前彎、立定跳遠、1600 公尺或800 公尺跑走都退步；二、大多數的大專學生「總是」及「經常」吃早餐；多數的大專學生「總是」及「經常」每日三餐時間和量都正常。有半數以上的大專學生「有時」及「從不」在飲食中吃含有豐富纖維的食物；有超過半數的大專學生「有時」及「從不」每日進餐都有包括五大類食物；有半數的大專學生「有時」及「從不」每天喝水至少1,500cc。大專學生自己覺得睡眠品質多數屬於「普通」到「非常差」的程度；有多數的大專學生平均一天睡眠時間有6~8小時。男學生的BMI、柔軟度及心肺耐力與部分飲食行為有相關；女學生的BMI、柔軟度、肌(耐)力及心肺耐力與部分飲食行為或睡眠品質有相關。結論：一、大專學生的肌力與肌耐力有增強，但是柔軟度、瞬發力與心肺耐力都變得較差；二、大專學生的飲食行為仍須改善，睡眠時間多數充足但睡眠品質要提升。三、大專學生的體適能與部分飲食行為或睡眠品質有相關。

關鍵字

體適能；飲食；睡眠

並列摘要

Purpose: Understand college students' physical fitness, dietary and sleep status. Methods: We designed a stratified random sampling in 80 universities and randomly selected for each year, from freshman year to senior year, 50 males and 50 females between 19- and 23-year-old, for a total of 400 students per college. We developed a survey form including both a questionnaire survey on college students' physical activity and the results of college students on physical fitness tests. We obtained 28977 valid forms. Results: 1) College students improved on sit-ups per minute, but regressed in sit and reach, standing broad jump, 1,600 m or 800 m walk- run tests. 2) The majority of students ”always” and ”usually” eating breakfast. The majority of college students ”always” and ”usually” ate everyday normal quantities of food, three times a day, at regular time. Over half of college students ”sometimes” and ”never” ate fiber-rich food during their meals. Over half of college students ”sometimes” and ”never” ate daily the five main food categories. Half of college students ”sometimes” and ”never” drank at least 1,500 cc a day. The majority of college students perceived their own sleep quality as ”average” to ”very bad”. The majority of college students slept on average 6-8 hours a day. There were significant correlation with BMI, flexibility, cardiovascular endurance, and parts of dietary in male students. There were significant correlation with BMI, flexibility, muscular strength and endurance, cardiovascular endurance, and parts of dietary or sleep in female students. Conclusions: 1) College students' muscular strength and endurance have improved, but their flexibility, power and cardiovascular endurance got worse. 2) The dietary of college students still needs to improve. College students' sleep length is sufficient but their sleep quality still requires improvements. 3) There were significant correlation with physical fitness and parts of dietary or sleep in college students.