國立臺灣大學97-99學年度大一新生健康體適能調查之研究

目的：為了解國立臺灣大學97-99學年度之大一新生健康體適能狀況，以建立大一學生健康體適能常模，並作為健康體適能教學改進之參考。方法：本研究以國立臺灣大學97~99學年度入學新生為施測對象，總計有男生4,853人，女生3,835人；檢測項目包括身體組成（BMI）、坐姿體前彎、一分鐘仰臥起坐、立定跳遠、心肺耐力（1600/800公尺）等五項。結果：97-99學年之男、女學生BMI各平均值均落在「正常值」範圍，各學年之BMI值並無顯著變化；坐姿體前彎，有77.8%的男學生達教育部體適能常模中等標準，50.6%達50百分等級水準，女學生則有82.6%達中等標準，61.1%達50百分等級水準；98學年度男、女學生之柔軟度均顯著低於97、99學年度，而女學生之柔軟度較優於男學生。一分鐘仰臥起坐，有80.4%的男學生達中等標準，56.8%達50百分等級水準，女學生則有78.9%達中等標準，50.9%達50百分等級水準；98學年度男、女學生之肌肉適能顯著低於97、99學年度，而男學生肌肉適能表現較優於女學生。立定跳遠，有78.2%的男學生達中等標準，43.6%達50百分等級水準，女學生則有75.3%達中等標準，49.0%達50百分等級水準，各學年男、女學生之立定跳遠距離並無顯著變化，男學生之立定跳遠表現優於女生。男學生1600公尺跑走，有80.5%達中等標準，58.0%達50百分等級水準；98學年度男學生之心肺適能最佳，97學年度次之，99學年度略差。女學生800公尺跑走，有91.3%達中等標準，72.3%達50百分等級水準；97、98學年度女學生之心肺適能明顯優於99學年度。結論：三學年度大一新生的五項健康體適能指標，在全國同年齡層百分等級常模上，皆呈現良好的情形，BMI值無論男女皆呈現在「適中」的範圍內，女學生在柔軟度、肌肉適能和心肺適能水準皆優於全國同年齡的女生，男學生在肌肉適能較優於全國同年齡的男生，而男、女學生的爆發力表現均較低於全國同年齡的學生，研究結果可提供國立臺灣大學健康體適能課程改進之參考。

關鍵字

身體組成；心肺適能；肌肉適能；測驗

並列摘要

Purpose: This purpose of our study is to investigate first year students' general level of physical fitness at National Taiwan University, to develop and maintain routines and norms for fitness improvement, and to refine physical fitness curriculum and instruction. Method and Research Design: 4853 male and 3835 female students from the 2008, 2009 and 2010 freshman classes were recruited to participate in fitness tests consisted of BMI, sit-and-reach, 1-minute sit-up, stand jump, and 800m/1600m walk/run test. Result: Comparing BMI between male and female students across the three freshman classes, all students fell into their respective normal distributions, and no significant differences were found. For the sit-and-reach test, 77.8% of male students achieved 22cm (lower 25% of national average), while 50.6% reached 29cm (mean of national average). By comparison, 82.6% of female students reached 27cm (lower 25% of national average), while 61.1% reached 34cm (mean of national average). Students from the 2009 freshman class were less flexible compared with students from the 2008 and 2010 classes, and females were more flexible than males across all 3 freshman classes. For the 1-minute sit-up test, 80.4% of male students achieved 35 repetitions (lower 25% of national average), while 56.8% completed 41 repetitions (mean of national average). By comparison, 78.9% of female students achieved 27 repetitions (lower 25% of national average), while 50.9% completed 33 repetitions (mean of national average). Students from the 2009 freshman class showed less muscle strength compared with students from the 2008 and 2010 classes, and males demonstrated stronger muscle strength than females across all 3 classes. For the stand jump test, 78.2% of male students achieved 196cm (lower 25% of national average), while 43.6% reached 216cm (mean of national average). By comparison, 75.3% of female students reached 142cm (lower 25% of national average), while 49% reached 158cm (mean of national average). No obvious differences were found when comparing all 3 freshman classes. However, males performed better than females across all classes. For the 1600m walk/run test, 80.5% of male students completed in 560 seconds (lower 25% of national average), while 58 completed in 501 seconds (mean of national average). The 2009 freshman class was the fastest on average, with the 2008 class came in second and the 2010 class the last. For the 800m walk/run test, 91.3% of female students completed in 320 seconds (lower 25% of national average), while 72.3% completed in 286 seconds (mean of national average). Both 2008 and 2009 freshman classes showed better endurance than the 2010 class. Conclusion: Aggregating the results from five tests across all three years' freshman classes, students showed better physical fitness level than the national average. For BMI, both male and female students are within the 'appropriate' range. Female students showed better flexibility, muscle strength and endurance than the national average. Male students demonstrated greater muscle strength than the national average. Both genders' muscle explosiveness was found to be lower than the national average. Results from this study can be used to improve physical fitness curriculum development and instruction.