曾國藩寫作原則論中對立兩存理論之探討

Zeng Guofan Writes the Principle to Discuss Opposes Two Saves Discussion of the Theory

蔡美惠(Mei-Hui Tsai)

《北商學報》 16期 (2009/07) Pp. 141-157

https://doi.org/10.29871/JNTCB.200907.0010

摘要

曾國藩身處近代政治動亂、學術混駁，中西新舊紛爭之時期，身歷官宦，轉戰沙場，閱歷豐厚，觀照也深；治學博洽，氣度恢弘，所見也深；並以作家自任，敏於寫作，實務經驗，體認也深，故其論深厚紮實，卻又變化活潑，集近代文章學之大成。
本文分為五單元。一前言，說明曾氏文章學之大略及其寫作原則論中對立兩存之情況。二就文道關係來說，主張文道並重與道與文離二說，並提出古文不宜說理之說，提昇文章創作的藝術特質。三就文章形成來說，主張摹仿成體與自然成文二說，前者揭示摹仿古人間架，是習文便捷有效的途徑；後者說明文章創作本於情理合一，為文才能自然流露，臻於修辭立誠的微意。四就戒律使用來說，提出戒律與破除禁令二說，主張作文之時可破除禁令，一切以調暢為主，以革新桐城派桎梏於戒律而無法伸張，以至末流空疏的弊端。五結論，總論曾氏寫作原則論中對立兩存理論之作用。

關鍵字

曾國藩 ； 近代文章學 ； 文學理論 ； 古文創作 ； 道與文離

並列摘要

Zeng Guofan places the modern politics turmoil, academic to mix refutes, time of the China and the West new old dispute, the body experience officials, fight in one place after another the sandy plain, reviews in succession richly, the contemplation is also deep; Does scholarly research learnedly, the bearing is broad, sees also deeply; And by writer from, no matter what, in the writing, the practice experience, realizes sensitively also deeply, therefore it discusses deeply solid, actually changes vividly, collection modern times article study accomplishment.
This article divides into five units. A foreword, showed that Zeng the article study big slightly, and the writing principle discussed opposes two saves the situation. Two on article relations, proposed that the article road paid equal attention to with and the article to two said that and proposed the classical Chinese literature was not suitable the special position which reasoned things out, eradicated the principle to bond, promotion article creation artistic special characteristic. Three formed on the article, proposed that the imitation adult and the natural existing writing two said that the former revelation imitated the ancient matrix, was the custom article convenient effective way; The latter showing article creation, this unites in the reason, the sentiment stems from really, principle in solid, can the nature reveal for the literary talent, reaches sets up the honest small token in the rhetoric. Four on the discipline use, proposed that the discipline with eradicated the prohibition rule two saying that advocated when thesis might eradicate the prohibition rule, all moved smoothly primarily, innovated the tongcheng school shackles to be unable in the discipline to promote, down to last stage shallow malpractice. Five conclusions, then general remarks Zeng wrote the principle to discuss opposes two saves function and the influence the theory.

並列關鍵字

Zeng Guofan ； the modern article study ； the literature theory ； the classical Chinese literature creation ； the road and the article leave