大學國文通識化課程規劃與教材取向之商榷反思

Rethinking the Design and Materials under the Generalized Trend for University Chinese Course

孫貴珠(Kuei-Chu Sun)

《通識學刊：理念與實務》 2卷2期 (2013/06) Pp. 27-50

https://doi.org/10.6427/JGECP.201306_2(2).0004

摘要

自從「部定共同必修科」取消之後，大學國文於課程結構改變、思潮快速變遷、各方質疑抨擊中，日漸走向通識化教學之方向。於此變革中，大學國文無論於課程規劃、教材內容或教學方法上，皆面臨必須符合各界需求、強化學生學習，甚至走出過去許多陳規、另創新路等挑戰。因此，如何結合通識教育拓展學生視野、提升學生邏輯思辨能力、具備通敵識見等精神，並改進學生語文技巧，成為當令大學國文課程規劃與教材選擇的重要使命。長期以來，大學國文之課程規劃與教材取向，常陷於「古典文學」、「現代文學」、「實用中文寫作」孰重孰輕之迷思，而爭論不休。或為文言文、白話文比例多寡而爭議不止。也許，在這些紛擾的論題背後，我們真正應該思考的是：如何在大學國文的課程規劃與教材取向中兼顧古典與現代？如何建構系統且連貫之合宜教材？如何靈活運用教材並深入思考？如何透過教材讓學生學會自省並吸取人生智慧？是故，本文透過廣泛蒐集、整理、評估各大學之國文教材與課程後，提出得以兼顧古典文學、現代文學、實用中文之比重與內容的建議和範例。期能藉由符應現代需求與通識精神之規劃設計，真正落實精進學生語文能力、奠定終身學習之基礎，繼而完善「通識輔益專業」、「文學涵養人格」的大學全人教育目標。

關鍵字

國文教學 ； 通識教育 ； 古典文學 ； 現代文學 ； 實用中文

並列摘要

Since the cancellation of the ”common required courses” by the Ministry of Education, the ”University Chinese” course was moving toward a general education course. Doubts and Debates on the correct modification for the course structures, the necessary functions, and effectiveness for student absorption were all challenges for future renovation. Therefore, the objectives for today's University Chinese course are to expanding the vision, increasing the ability of logical speculation, improving the general knowledge, and refining the linguistic competence for university students.For very long time, the arguments on the design and materials for University Chinese were focused on the proper arrangements for ”classical literature”, ”modern literature”, and ”practical Chinese writing”; or on the proportion for classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese. Nevertheless, this paper argues that the real question could be how to balance the classical and contemporary materials; how to restructure the proper materials; how to use the materials flexibly and properly; and how students can learn from these materials hence to increase their knowledge absorptions and to apply the expected abilities.Consequently, this paper thoroughly collected, examined and evaluated the current materials for University Chinese courses. Based on these studies, this paper reveals a suggested example for the design and materials that could achieve these objectives. This paper also suggests that the design and materials for University Chinese should consider the demands for practical uses, the variation of student levels, and provides knowledge and training for the essences of contemporary general educations.

並列關鍵字

Chinese teaching ； general education ； classical literature ； modern literature ； practical Chinese