卦氣配曆－惠棟《易漢學》卦氣說引曆推步條舉證

Guaqi and Calendar: Evidences of Using the Calendar as a Form of Calculation in Hui Dong's Guaqi Theory in Yi Han Studies

林金泉(Jin-Chyuan Lin)

《興大中文學報》 21期 (2007/06) Pp. 191-225

https://doi.org/10.30091/JCDNCHU.200706.0008

摘要

本文秉持科際整合之理念，將向為學者所忽略之曆法，藉惠棟《易漢學》卦氣說所援引曆術，舉例步算。文分：一、《乾象曆》吳黃武二年、《正光曆》北魏永安元年推卦用事日舉證。二、《大衍曆》唐天寶元年卦氣舉證。三、唐天寶元年卦氣配曆表，三項，據所引法數、步術，推該年二十四節氣、易卦值日、七十二候、五行用事日、發斂加時等，並闡述寒溫風雨之占，及唐、宋曆書卦氣鋪注之遞進情形，而以卦氣無益於曆，惠氏《易漢學》有功於易作結。

關鍵字

卦氣說 ； 乾象曆 ； 正光曆 ； 大衍曆

並列摘要

The lunar-ecliptic-limit calculation of Chinese ancient calendar remains a largely untrodden field in present research. Therefore, this paper, through the calculations adopted by Hui Dong in his Guaqi theory in Yi Han Studies, aims to open a possible space for negotiation among different disciplines. In the following, I will discuss: 1) Examples of using Gua, or divinatory symbols, to decide the appropriateness of a certain daily-life activities, such as marriage or traveling, in Gan Xiang Calendar and Zheng Guang Calendar during both the second year of the Wu Huang Wu period and the first year of Northern Wei Yong-an Dynasty respectively. 2) Instances of adopting Gauqi in Da Yan Calendar in the first year of Tang Tian-bao Dyansty. 3) According the constants and calculation which appear in the combination of the Gauqi and Calendar during the first year of Tang Tian-bao Dyansty, one is able to figure out the then twenty-four Jieqi (season's qi), the appropriateness of conducting certain activities on certain days using Yi Gua, the seventy-two weather terms, the five fundamental elements (gold, wood, water, fire, and earth), and the period of divergent and convergent. Further, Guaqi theory enables one to forecast the weather, to explain and interpret the evolvement of Guaqi calendar in the Tang and Song Dynasties. Finally, the paper concludes that while Guaqi may have little or no use for the calculation of calendar, Hui Dong's Yi Han Studies contributes to the study of Yi Jing, or The Book of Changes.

並列關鍵字

Guaqi theory ； Gan Xiang Calendar ； Zheng Guang Calendar ； Da Yan Calendar

參考文獻

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晉書‧律曆志。