《晉書》所見《春秋》尊尊親親大義

晉代立朝強調以服膺儒教治國，特別標榜以孝治天下。《晉書‧孝友傳》認為「晉氏始自中朝，逮于江左，雖百六之災遄及，而君子之道未消，孝悌名流，猶為繼踵。」今考《晉書》所載，不乏士人稱引《春秋》三傳以為依經行事之據，則知儒教猶盛。只是何以當權者講禮論教，名士卻提倡「越名教而任自然」，及「禮豈為我輩而設」，並於晉代發展出玄學？本文探究時人對《春秋》「尊尊親親」經義之明闡及暗解。以「《春秋》尊尊親親大義」的視角觀察晉代名教與自然之爭的淵源，最主要的是蠡測晉代《春秋》學在時代因素影響之下的風貌。研究發現，《晉書》所見君臣屢引《春秋》尊尊大義而集中為「尊王」義，以此行勸說或自立跟腳，重申「小事大」的尊卑之序，以及「共討不尊王室」的集體服從。除此之外，晉代議禮風氣盛，士人引用親親尊尊大義多用在議論禮制，但《春秋》尊尊親親大義，在晉代並沒有得到平衡的發展。強調「以孝治天下」的晉朝，尊尊與親親大義竟有反向失衡、「尊尊」獨大的情況。究其因，實當權者有以此取代「忠道」的意思，諸多召議，只是藉著喪禮之議論與定制，強調「下事上」、「以階層定服從義務」的思維，利用服制以再確身分階層，或透過強調「君親無將」，以伸張皇權，應該是當時思想發展結果與服膺儒教方向相違的主要原因。

關鍵字

晉書；春秋大義；親親；尊尊

並列摘要

The rulers of Jin Dynasty said they would govern the country by obeying the moral theories and principles of Confucianism, especially filial piety. The end result, Bohemianism was the epoch symbol of the learned celebrities in Jin Dynasty, many of them stood opposed to Confucianism. Why?This study analyzes the act of quoting Chuen-Qiu (Confucius' Spring and Autumn Annals) on the principles of Zun-Zun (respecting the respectable) and Qin-Qin (loving one's relatives) in The History of Jin Dynasty.This study indicated that people of Jin Dynasty liked to quote Chun-Qiu as an authority or example. A quoting from Chun-Qiu was an authoritative source for substantiation. But Jin Dynasty was founded by usurping. The usurper wrested the power from the king of Wei. They were ashamed to emphasis the loyalty directly, therefore, they focused on Zun-Zun, especially respecting the king.There is another thing we have to watch out for. The rulers of Jin Dynasty said they paid much attention to filial piety, and richly rewarded he who obeyed it. However, they didn't mention Qin-Qin a lot, even in the discussion of funerals.Obviously, Jin Dynasty emphasized the principle of Zun-Zun for stabling the feudal classes and reasserting the discipline of serving the superior, actually the king himself. This made the emphasis of filial piety turn out an irony. That's why during Jin dynasty, the learned celebrities chose the surpassing as the way of balancing their heart under great suffering and heavy blowing; and Confucianism was fading in such a condition.